Ta Yaya Zan Taimakawa Loaunataccena Ya Yi Morearin Bayani Game da Maganin Parkinson?

Wadatacce

• Dopamine magunguna
• Carbidopa-levodopa
• Dopamine agonists
• Masu hana MAO B
• Masu hana COMT
• Sauran magungunan Parkinson
• Anticholinergics
• Amantadine
• Manne wa jadawalin magani
• Abin da ke faruwa lokacin da magungunan Parkinson suka daina aiki
• Awauki

Masu bincike har yanzu ba su gano maganin cutar Parkinson ba, amma jiyya sun yi nisa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A yau, akwai magunguna daban-daban da sauran hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don sarrafa alamomin kamar rawar jiki da taurin kai.

Yana da mahimmanci ga ƙaunataccenku ya sha magungunan su daidai yadda likita ya tsara. Hakanan zaka iya ba da goyan baya da tunatarwa a hankali.

Don zama mai taimako, kuna buƙatar sanin waɗanne magunguna ke magance cutar Parkinson, da kuma yadda suke aiki.

Dopamine magunguna

Mutanen da ke tare da cutar Parkinson suna da karancin kwayar dopamine, wanda shine sinadarin kwakwalwa wanda ke taimakawa wajen sanya motsi cikin santsi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mutane da yanayin ke tafiya a hankali kuma suna da tsokoki masu tsauri. Babban magungunan da aka yi amfani da su don magance aikin Parkinson ta hanyar ƙara yawan kwayar dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa.

Carbidopa-levodopa

Wani magani da ake kira levodopa, ko L-DOPA, ya kasance babban maganin cutar Parkinson tun a ƙarshen shekarun 1960. Ya ci gaba da kasancewa mafi ingancin magani saboda yana maye gurbin ɓarin dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa.

Yawancin mutane da ke fama da cutar Parkinson za su ɗauki levodopa wani lokaci a yayin gudanar da maganin su. Levodopa ya canza zuwa dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa.

Magunguna da yawa suna haɗa levodopa da carbidopa. Carbidopa yana hana levodopa ballewa a cikin hanji ko wasu sassan jiki kuma ya canza shi zuwa dopamine kafin ya isa kwakwalwa. Ara carbidopa shima yana taimakawa hana illa kamar tashin zuciya da amai.

Carbidopa-levodopa ya zo a cikin wasu siffofin daban-daban:

• kwamfutar hannu (Parcopa, Sinemet)
• kwamfutar hannu da ke fitar da sannu a hankali don tasirinta ya daɗe (Rytary, Sinemet CR)
• jiko da aka shigar cikin hanji ta wani bututu (Duopa)
• shakar foda (Inbrija)

Hanyoyi masu illa daga waɗannan kwayoyi sun haɗa da:

• tashin zuciya
• jiri
• jiri yayin tsayawa (orthostatic hypotension)
• damuwa
• tics ko wasu motsi na tsoka (dyskinesia)
• rikicewa
• gani ko jin abubuwan da ba na gaske ba (mafarkai)
• bacci

Dopamine agonists

Wadannan kwayoyi ba sa canzawa zuwa dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa. Madadin haka, suna yin kamar dopamine. Wasu mutane suna daukar kwayar cutar dopamine tare da levodopa don hana bayyanar cututtukan su dawowa yayin lokutan da levodopa ya kare.

Dopamine agonists sun hada da:

• pramipexole (Mirapex, Mirapex ER), kwamfutar hannu da ƙara-fito da kwamfutar hannu
• ropinirole (Requip, Requip XL), kwamfutar hannu da kuma ƙara-saki kwamfutar hannu
• apomorphine (Apokyn), allurar gajeren aiki
• rotigotine (Neupro), faci

Wadannan magungunan suna haifar da wasu illoli iri daya kamar carbidopa-levodopa, gami da jiri, jiri, da bacci. Hakanan suna iya haifar da halayen tilastawa, kamar caca da yawan ove.

Masu hana MAO B

Wannan rukuni na ƙwayoyi suna aiki daban da levodopa don haɓaka matakan dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa. Suna toshe wani sinadarin enzyme wanda yake lalata dopamine, wanda yake kara tasirin kwayar dopamine a jiki.

MAO B masu hanawa sun haɗa da:

• selegiline (Zelapar)
• rasagiline (Azilect)
• safinamide (Xadago)

Wadannan kwayoyi na iya haifar da illa kamar:

• matsalar bacci (rashin bacci)
• jiri
• tashin zuciya
• maƙarƙashiya
• ciki ciki
• ƙungiyoyi masu ban mamaki (dyskinesia)
• mafarki
• rikicewa
• ciwon kai

Masu hana MAO B na iya yin hulɗa tare da wasu:

• abinci
• magungunan kan-kari
• magungunan magani
• kari

Tabbatar kayi magana da likitanka game da duk magunguna da abubuwan da ƙaunataccenka yake ɗauka.

Masu hana COMT

Magungunan entacopine (Comtan) da tolcapone (Tasmar) suma suna toshe wani enzyme wanda yake lalata dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa. Stalevo magani ne mai haɗuwa wanda ya haɗa da duka carbidopa-levodopa da mai hana COMT.

Masu hana komputa na COMT suna haifar da da yawa daga cikin abubuwan illa kamar carbidopa-levodopa. Hakanan zasu iya lalata hanta.

Sauran magungunan Parkinson

Kodayake magungunan da ke ƙara matakan dopamine sune tushen maganin Parkinson, wasu fewan magunguna kuma suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa alamomin.

Anticholinergics

Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) da benztropine (Cogentin) suna rage rawar jiki daga cutar Parkinson. Sakamakon su ya haɗa da:

• bushe idanu da baki
• maƙarƙashiya
• matsala sakin fitsari
• matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa
• damuwa
• mafarki

Amantadine

Wannan magani na iya taimaka wa mutanen da ke da matakin farko na cutar Parkinson waɗanda ke da alamomin alamomin kawai. Hakanan za'a iya haɗa shi tare da maganin carbidopa-levodopa a ƙarshen matakan cutar.

Hanyoyi masu illa sun hada da:

• kumburin kafa
• jiri
• aibobi a fata
• rikicewa
• bushe idanu da baki
• maƙarƙashiya
• bacci

Manne wa jadawalin magani

Farkon jiyya don cutar ta Parkinson yana bin kyakkyawar hanya mai sauƙi. Youraunataccenku zai ɗauki carbidopa- levodopa fewan lokuta sau a rana akan tsarin da aka tsara.

Bayan fewan shekaru kan magani, ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa sun rasa ikon su na adana kwayoyin dopamine kuma sun zama masu kulawa da maganin. Wannan na iya haifar da sashi na farko na magani ya daina aiki kafin lokaci ya yi da za a yi amfani da shi na gaba, wanda ake kira "sawa."

Lokacin da wannan ya faru, likitan ƙaunataccenku zai yi aiki tare da su don daidaita yanayin shan magani ko ƙara wani magani don hana lokutan "kashe". Zai iya ɗaukar ɗan lokaci da haƙuri don samun nau'in ƙwayoyi da kashi daidai.

Mutanen da ke da cutar Parkinson waɗanda ke shan levodopa na tsawon shekaru kuma za su iya ci gaba da cutar dyskinesia, wanda ke haifar da motsawar ba da niyya ba. Doctors zasu iya daidaita magunguna don rage dyskinesia.

Lokaci yana da mahimmanci idan yazo shan magungunan Parkinson. Don sarrafa alamun, dole ne ƙaunataccenku ya sha magungunan su a daidai sashi kuma a lokacin da ya dace kowace rana. Kuna iya taimakawa yayin canje-canje na magani ta hanyar tunatar dasu kan shan kwayarsu a kan sabon jadawalin, ko ta hanyar saya musu kayan aikin kwaya na atomatik don sauƙaƙewar dosing.

Abin da ke faruwa lokacin da magungunan Parkinson suka daina aiki

A yau, likitoci suna da magunguna daban-daban don sarrafa alamun cutar Parkinson. Da alama mai ƙaunataccenku zai sami magani ɗaya - ko haɗin magunguna - wanda ke aiki.

Sauran nau'ikan jiyya suma ana samun su, gami da kara kuzarin kwakwalwa (DBS). A wannan maganin, ana sanya waya da ake kira gubar a cikin wani ɓangare na ƙwaƙwalwar da ke sarrafa motsi. Waya an makala ta a na'urar na’urar bugun zuciya wacce ake kira janareto mai motsi wacce aka dasa a karkashin kwalar. Na'urar tana aika bugun lantarki don zaburar da kwakwalwa da kuma dakatar da motsin kwakwalwa mara kyau wanda ke haifar da alamun cutar Parkinson.

Awauki

Magungunan Parkinson suna da kyau sosai wajen sarrafa alamun. Nau'o'in ƙwayoyi da allurai ƙaunataccenku yana ɗauka na iya buƙatar daidaitawa tsawon shekaru. Kuna iya taimakawa tare da wannan aikin ta hanyar koyo game da wadatar magunguna, da kuma bayar da tallafi don taimakawa ƙaunataccenku ya manne wa tsarin kulawarsa.