Ciwon jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki - kafafu

Cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki (PAD) wani yanayi ne na jijiyoyin jini da ke samar da ƙafa da ƙafa. Yana faruwa ne saboda ƙarancin jijiyoyin cikin ƙafafu. Wannan yana haifar da raguwar gudan jini, wanda ke cutar da jijiyoyi da sauran kayan kyallen takarda.

PAD yana haifar da atherosclerosis. Wannan matsalar tana faruwa ne yayin da abu mai (plaque) ya hau kan bangon jijiyoyin ku kuma ya sanya su matattu. Bangunan jijiyoyin kuma sun zama masu tauri kuma baza su iya fadada ba (don fadada) don bada damar kwararar jini yayin bukata.

A sakamakon haka, tsokokin ƙafafunku ba za su iya samun isasshen jini da iskar oxygen lokacin da suke aiki tuƙuru ba (kamar lokacin motsa jiki ko tafiya). Idan PAD ya zama mai tsanani, maiyuwa ba za a sami isasshen jini da iskar oxygen ba, koda kuwa tsokoki suna hutawa.

PAD cuta ce ta gama gari. Mafi yawan lokuta yana shafar maza sama da shekaru 50, amma mata na iya samun hakan. Mutane suna cikin haɗari mafi girma idan suna da tarihin:

• Cutar cholesterol mara kyau
• Ciwon suga
• Ciwon zuciya (cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya)
• Hawan jini (hauhawar jini)
• Ciwon koda wanda ke dauke da cutar hemodialysis
• Shan taba
• Bugun jini (cututtukan cerebrovascular)

Babban alamun cutar PAD sune ciwo, raɗaɗi, gajiya, ƙonawa, ko rashin jin daɗi a cikin tsokokin ƙafafunku, calves, ko cinyoyin ku. Wadannan alamomin galibi suna bayyana yayin tafiya ko motsa jiki, kuma suna tafiya bayan mintuna da yawa na hutawa.

• Da farko, wadannan alamun za su iya bayyana ne kawai lokacin da kake tafiya sama, tafiya da sauri, ko kuma yin tafiya mai nisa.
• A hankali, waɗannan alamun suna faruwa da sauri da ƙarancin motsa jiki.
• Legsafafunku ko ƙafafunku na iya jin sanyi lokacin da kuke hutawa. Legsafafun kuma na iya yin sanyi don taɓawa, kuma fata na iya zama kodadde.

Lokacin da PAD yayi tsanani, zaka iya samun:

• Rashin ƙarfi
• Jin zafi da raɗaɗi da dare
• Jin zafi ko ƙwanƙwasa a ƙafa ko yatsun kafa, wanda na iya zama mai tsananin gaske har ma nauyin tufafi ko zanin gado mai zafi ne
• Ciwon da yafi tsanani yayin ɗaga ƙafafunku, kuma yana inganta lokacin da kuke lulluɓe ƙafafunku kan gefen gado
• Fata mai kama da duhu da shuɗi
• Ciwon da baya warkewa

Yayin gwaji, mai ba da kiwon lafiya na iya samun:

• Sauti mai sauti lokacin da aka riƙe stethoscope akan jijiyoyin jini (jijiyoyin jijiyoyi)
• Rage karfin jini a gabobin da ya shafa
• Raunin rauni ko rashi a cikin gaɓa

Lokacin da PAD ya fi tsanani, binciken zai iya haɗawa da:

• Musclesan maraƙin da ke taƙaitawa (bushewa ko atrophy)
• Rashin gashi akan kafafu, ƙafa, da yatsun kafa
• Ciwo mai zafi, ciwo mara jini a ƙafa ko yatsun kafa (mafi yawanci baƙar fata) waɗanda basa jinkirin warkewa
• Launi na fata ko launin shuɗi a cikin yatsun ƙafa ko ƙafa (cyanosis)
• Shiny, m fata
• Ickusoshin ƙafa mai yawa

Gwajin jini na iya nuna yawan cholesterol ko ciwon suga.

Gwaje-gwaje don PAD sun hada da:

• Angiography na kafafu
• An auna karfin jini a cikin hannaye da kafafu don kwatankwacin (idon sawun hanji / na kwakwalwa, ko ABI)
• Doppler duban dan tayi na gwaji
• Magnetic resonance angiography ko CT angiography

Abubuwan da zaku iya yi don sarrafa PAD sun haɗa da:

• Daidaita motsa jiki tare da hutawa. Yi tafiya ko yin wani aiki har zuwa zafi kuma canza shi tare da lokacin hutu. Bayan lokaci, yaduwarku na iya inganta yayin da sabon abu, ƙananan hanyoyin jini ke samuwa. Koyaushe yi magana da mai bayarwa kafin fara shirin motsa jiki.
• Dakatar da shan taba. Shan sigari yana taƙaita jijiyoyin jini, yana rage ƙarfin jini na ɗaukar oxygen, kuma yana ƙara haɗarin samar da daskarewa (thrombi da emboli).
• Kula da ƙafafunku, musamman idan ku ma kuna da ciwon sukari. Sanya takalmi wanda ya dace daidai. Kula da duk wani yanki, yanki, ko raunin da ya faru, ka ga mai ba da sabis kai tsaye. Naman jiki suna warkewa a hankali kuma suna iya kamuwa da cutar lokacin da ragowar iska ya ragu.
• Tabbatar cewa jinin ku yana da kyau-sarrafawa.
• Idan kiba tayi ki rage kiba.
• Idan kwalastar ku tayi yawa, kuci abinci mai ƙananan cholesterol da mai mai mai ƙanshi.
• Lura da yawan sukarin jinin ku idan kuna da ciwon suga, kuma a kiyaye shi.

Ana iya buƙatar magunguna don kula da cutar, gami da:

• Aspirin ko magani mai suna clopidogrel (Plavix), wanda ke hana jininka yin daskarewa a jijiyoyin ka. KADA KA daina shan waɗannan magunguna ba tare da fara magana da mai baka ba.
• Cilostazol, wani magani ne da ke aiki don faɗaɗa (faɗaɗa) jijiyoyin da abin ya shafa ko jijiyoyi don larurori masu tsaka-mai-wuya waɗanda ba 'yan takarar tiyata ba ne.
• Magunguna don taimakawa rage ƙwayar cholesterol.
• Masu rage zafi.

Idan kuna shan magunguna don hawan jini ko ciwon sukari, ɗauki su kamar yadda mai ba da sabis ya tsara.

Za a iya yin aikin tiyata idan yanayin ya yi tsanani kuma yana shafar ikon yin aiki ko yin abubuwa masu mahimmanci, kuna jin zafi a hutawa, ko kuna da raunuka ko ƙuraje a ƙafafunku waɗanda ba su warkewa. Zaɓuɓɓuka sune:

• Hanya don buɗe kunkuntar ko toshe hanyoyin jini waɗanda ke ba da jini zuwa ƙafafunku
• Yin aikin tiyata don sake zagayowar samar da jini kusa da jijiyar da aka toshe

Wasu mutanen da ke da PAD na iya buƙatar cire ƙafafun hannu (yankewa).

Yawancin lokuta na PAD na ƙafafu ana iya sarrafawa ba tare da tiyata ba. Kodayake aikin tiyata yana ba da taimako mai kyau na alamomi a cikin mawuyacin hali, ana amfani da hanyoyin angioplasty da stenting a maimakon tiyata sau da yawa.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Jinin jini ko kuma emboli wanda ke toshe ƙananan jijiyoyin jini
• Ciwon jijiyoyin jini
• Rashin ƙarfi
• Bude raunuka (ulcer a ƙasan ƙafafu)
• Mutuwar nama (gangrene)
• Legafa ko ƙafa da abin ya shafa na iya bukatar yankewa

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kuna da:

• Kafa ko ƙafa da suka zama masu sanyi ga taɓawa, kodadde, shuɗi, ko dushe
• Ciwon kirji ko ƙarancin numfashi tare da ciwon kafa
• Ciwon ƙafa wanda baya tafiya, koda lokacin da baka tafiya ko motsi (ana kiran sa ciwo)
• Kafafuwan da suka yi ja, zafi, ko kumbura
• Sabbin raunuka / miki
• Alamomin kamuwa da cuta (zazzabi, ja, jin ciwo gaba ɗaya)
• Kwayar cututtuka na arteriosclerosis na iyakar

Babu gwajin gwajin da aka ba da shawarar gano PAD a cikin marasa lafiya ba tare da alamun ba.

Wasu daga cikin haɗarin cutar rashin jijiyoyin jini da zaku iya canzawa sune:

• Ba shan taba ba. Idan kana shan taba, to ka daina.
• Kula da cholesterol ta hanyar abinci, motsa jiki, da magunguna.
• Kula da hawan jini ta hanyar cin abinci, motsa jiki, da magunguna, idan ana bukata.
• Kula da ciwon sukari ta hanyar abinci, motsa jiki, da magunguna, idan an buƙata.
• Motsa jiki aƙalla minti 30 a rana.
• Kiyayewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya ta cin abinci mai ƙoshin lafiya, rage cin ƙasa, da shiga shirin rage nauyi, idan kuna buƙatar rasa nauyi.
• Koyon lafiyayyun hanyoyi don jimre da damuwa ta hanyar azuzuwan musamman ko shirye-shirye, ko abubuwa kamar tunani ko yoga.
• Iyakance yawan shan giya da zaka sha har sau 1 a rana mata kuma 2 a rana ga maza.

Cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki na gefe; PVD; PAD; Arteriosclerosis obliterans; Toshe jijiyoyin kafa; Ta'addanci; Bayani na lokaci-lokaci; Vaso-occlusive cuta na kafafu; Arancin jijiyoyin ƙafa; Maimaita ciwo da ƙafafu; Maraƙin zafi tare da motsa jiki

• Angioplasty da stent jeri - arteries na gefe - fitarwa
• Magungunan Antiplatelet - Masu hanawa P2Y12
• Cholesterol da rayuwa
• An bayyana kitsen abincin
• Abincin abinci mai sauri
• Yankewar ƙafa - fitarwa
• Yadda ake karanta alamun abinci
• Yankewar ƙafa - fitarwa
• Yanke ƙafa ko ƙafa - canjin ado
• Rum abinci
• Kewayen jijiyoyin kai - fitarwa - kafa - fitarwa

• Atherosclerosis na iyakar
• Kafa kafa - kafa

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Ridker PM, Libby P, Buring JE. Alamar haɗari da rigakafin farko na cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. A cikin: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald na Ciwon Zuciya: Littafin rubutu na Magungunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 45.

Simons JP, Robinson WP, Schanzer A. extremananan cututtukan jijiyoyin jini: kula da lafiya da yanke shawara. A cikin: Sidawy AN, Perler BA, eds. Rutherford's Vascular Surgery da Endovascular Far. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: sura 105.

Servicesungiyar Ayyuka na Rigakafin Amurka, Curry SJ, Krist AH, Owens DK, et al. Nunawa game da cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki da ƙididdigar haɗarin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyar ƙafa-ƙwanƙoliya: Jawabin Shawarwarin Servicesungiyar kungiyar Forcearfafawa ta Amurka JAMA. 2018; 320 (2): 177-183. PMID: 29998344 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29998344/.

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