Autism: menene shi, alamomi, dalilai da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali
• Abin da ke haifar da Autism
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Autism, a kimiyance da aka sani da Autism Spectrum Disorder, cuta ce da ke tattare da matsaloli a cikin sadarwa, zamantakewar jama'a da halayyar mutum, yawanci ana yin sa ne tsakanin shekara 2 zuwa 3.

Wannan ciwo yana sa yaro ya gabatar da wasu halaye na musamman, kamar wahalar magana da bayyana ra'ayoyi da ji, rashin lafiya a tsakanin wasu da ɗan raunin ido, ban da maimaita maimaitattun abubuwa da motsa jiki, kamar zama na dogon lokaci yana girgiza jiki baya da kuma gaba.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Wasu daga cikin alamun bayyanar cututtuka da halaye na autism sun haɗa da:

• Wahala a cikin hulɗar zamantakewar jama'a, kamar kallon ido, yanayin fuska, ishara, wahalar yin abokai, wahalar bayyana motsin rai;
• Asarar cikin sadarwa, kamar wahalar farawa ko kiyaye tattaunawa, maimaita amfani da harshe;
• Canje-canje na hali, kamar rashin sanin yadda ake wasa riya, maimaitattun halaye, samun "fads" dayawa da nuna sha'awa ga wani abu takamaimai, kamar reshen jirgin sama, misali.

Wadannan alamomi da alamomin sun kasance daga mara nauyi, wanda ma ba za a iya lura da shi ba, amma kuma yana iya zama mai matsakaici zuwa mai tsanani, wanda yake matukar tsoma baki cikin halayyar yaron da sadarwarsa.

Ga yadda ake gano manyan alamun rashin kuzari.

Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali

Likitan yara ne ko likitan mahaukata ke yin binciken cutar ta Autism, ta hanyar lura da yaron da kuma yin wasu gwaje-gwajen bincike, tsakanin shekara 2 zuwa 3.

Ana iya tabbatar da shi na rashin lafiya, lokacin da yaron yana da halaye na yankuna 3 waɗanda ke cikin wannan cutar: hulɗar zamantakewar jama'a, canjin ɗabi'a da kuma gazawar sadarwa. Ba lallai ba ne a gabatar da jerin alamomi masu yawa don likita don isa ga ganewar asali, saboda wannan ciwo yana bayyana kansa a cikin digiri daban-daban kuma, saboda wannan dalili, ana iya bincikar yaron da ƙananan autism, misali. Bincika alamun rashin taurin kai.

Sabili da haka, Autism na iya zama wani lokacin kusan rashin fahimta kuma yana iya rikicewa tare da kunya, rashin kulawa ko haɗuwa, kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin ciwon Asperger da babban aikin autism, misali. Sabili da haka, tantancewar rashin lafiyar ba ta da sauƙi, kuma idan akwai tuhuma yana da muhimmanci a je wurin likita don ya iya bincika ci gaban ɗabi'arsa da ɗabi'unsa, yana iya nuna abin da yake da shi da yadda za a magance shi.

Abin da ke haifar da Autism

Kowane yaro na iya kamuwa da Autism, kuma har yanzu ba a san musababbinsa ba, kodayake ana ci gaba da bincike don ganowa.

Wasu karatuttukan sun riga sun iya nuna alamun abubuwan da suka shafi kwayar halitta, wadanda suke iya zama na gado ne, amma kuma yana iya yiwuwa dalilan muhalli, kamar kamuwa da wasu kwayoyin cuta, amfani da nau'ikan abinci ko mu'amala da abubuwa masu sa maye, kamar gubar da mercury, misali na iya zama yana da matukar tasiri kan ci gaban cutar.

Wasu daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da sun hada da:

• Rashin nakasa da nakasar hankali na kwayoyin halitta da kuma gado, kamar yadda aka lura cewa wasu ƙwayoyin cuta suna da ƙwaƙwalwa mafi girma da nauyi kuma haɗin jijiyoyin da ke tsakanin ƙwayoyin jikinsu ya yi karanci;
• Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, kamar yanayin iyali, rikitarwa yayin ciki ko haihuwa;
• Canje-canje na Biochemical na kwayar halitta wacce yawan kwayar serotonin yake cikin jini;
• Rashin lafiyar Chromosomal ya bayyana ta bacewar ko kwafin kwayar halitta 16.

Bugu da kari, akwai karatuttukan da ke nuni da wasu alluran ko kuma maye gurbin folic acid mai yawa yayin daukar ciki, amma har yanzu ba a sami cikakken bayani game da wadannan damar ba, kuma har yanzu ana bukatar yin karin bincike don fayyace wannan batun.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Jiyya zai dogara ne da nau'in autism da yaron yake da shi da kuma matakin rashin lafiya, amma ana iya yin shi da:

• Amfani da magungunan da likita ya umurta;
• Zaman maganin magana don inganta magana da sadarwa;
• Hanyar halayyar mutum don sauƙaƙe ayyukan yau da kullun;
• Kula da rukuni don inganta zamantakewar yara.

Kodayake autism ba shi da magani, magani, lokacin da aka yi shi daidai, na iya sauƙaƙe kulawa ga yaro, saukaka rayuwa ga iyaye. A cikin lamuran da suka fi taushi, yawan shan magani ba lallai ba ne koyaushe kuma yaron zai iya yin rayuwa kusa da al'ada, yana iya yin karatu da aiki ba tare da takura ba. Bincika ƙarin cikakkun bayanai da zaɓuɓɓuka don maganin rashin lafiya.