Abubuwan da ke cikin jini da ayyukansu

Wadatacce

• Abubuwan da ke cikin jini
• 1. jini
• 2. Jajayen jini ko erythrocytes
• 3. Leukocytes ko farin jini
• 4. platelets ko kuma thrombocytes
• Nau'ukan jini

Jini abu ne mai ruwa wanda yake da muhimmiyar aiki don dacewar kwayar halitta, kamar safarar iskar oxygen, abubuwan gina jiki da kuma kwayoyin halittar jiki zuwa ga kwayoyin halitta, kare jiki daga abubuwa na waje da jami'ai masu mamayewa da kuma daidaita kwayar halitta, ban da kasancewa da alhakin cirewa abubuwan nama da aka samar a cikin ayyukan salula wanda kuma dole ne ya zama a jiki, kamar su carbon dioxide da urea.

Jini ya ƙunshi ruwa, enzymes, sunadarai, ma'adanai da ƙwayoyin halitta, kamar su jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, platelet da leukocytes, waɗanda sune ƙwayoyin da ke da alhakin aikin jini. Don haka yana da mahimmanci kwayayen su kewaya cikin adadi mai yawa don tabbatar da aikin jiki da kyau. Canje-canje a matakan ƙwayoyin jini na iya zama mahimmanci don gano wasu cututtukan da ka iya faruwa, kamar su anemia, leukemia, kumburi ko kamuwa da cuta, alal misali, waɗanda dole ne a yi maganin su.

Gwajin da ke kimanta kwayoyin jini an san shi da cikakken ƙididdigar jini kuma ba lallai ba ne a yi azumi don yin wannan gwajin, ana nuna shi ne kawai don guje wa abubuwan sha na giya sa'o'i 48 kafin gwajin kuma a guji ayyukan motsa jiki kwana 1 da suka gabata, kamar yadda suke tsoma baki tare da sakamakon. Duba abin da lissafin jinin yake da yadda ake fassara shi.

Abubuwan da ke cikin jini

Jinin ya kunshi wani bangare ne na ruwa da kuma bangare mai karfi. Ana kiran bangaren ruwa plasma, kashi 90% daga ciki ruwa ne kawai sauran kuma sun hada da sunadarai, enzymes da ma'adanai.

Partaƙƙarfan ɓangaren ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu fasali, waɗanda sune ƙwayoyin halitta kamar su jajayen jini, leukocytes da platelet kuma hakan yana taka muhimmiyar rawa don dacewar kwayar halitta.

1. jini

Plasma shine sashin ruwa na jini, yana zama mai danshi cikin daidaito da launin rawaya. Plasma yana samuwa a cikin hanta kuma babban sunadaran da ake dasu sune globulins, albumin da fibrinogen. Plasma yana da aikin jigilar carbon dioxide, abubuwan gina jiki da kuma gubobi da ƙwayoyin ke samarwa, ban da kasancewarsa alhakin jigilar magunguna a cikin jiki.

2. Jajayen jini ko erythrocytes

Kwayoyin jinin ja tabbatattu ne, ja bangaren jini wadanda suke da aikin jigilar oxygen a cikin jiki, tunda yana da haemoglobin. Cellswayoyin jini suna samarwa ta ɓarɓushin ƙashi, yakai kimanin kwanaki 120 kuma bayan wannan lokacin ana lalata su cikin hanta da baƙin ciki.

Adadin jan jini a 1 mm mm a cikin maza ya kai miliyan 5 kuma a mata kusan miliyan 4.5 ne, lokacin da waɗannan ƙimomin suke ƙasa da tsammani, mutum na iya samun karancin jini. Ana iya yin wannan ƙidayar ta hanyar gwajin da ake kira cikakken ƙidayar jini.

Idan kayi gwajin jini kwanan nan kuma kuna son fahimtar abin da sakamakon zai iya nufi, shigar da bayanan ku anan:

3. Leukocytes ko farin jini

Leukocytes sune ke da alhakin kare kwayar halitta kuma kasusuwan kasusuwa da lymph nodes ne ke samar dasu. Leukocytes sun hada da neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes da monocytes.

• Neutrophils: Suna aiki don yaƙar ƙananan kumburi da cututtukan da ƙwayoyin cuta ko fungi ke haifarwa. Wannan yana nuna cewa idan gwajin jini ya nuna karuwar neutrophils, mutum na iya samun dan kumburi sanadiyyar kwayar cuta ko naman gwari. Neutrophils sun haɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi, suna mai da waɗannan wakilai masu tayar da hankali mara amfani, amma sai ya mutu yana haifar da fiska. Idan wannan tsutsa baya barin jiki, to yana haifar da kumburi da ƙumburin jiki.
• Eosinophils: Suna aiki don yaƙar cututtukan cututtuka da halayen rashin lafiyan.
• Basophils: Suna aiki don yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta da halayen rashin lafiyan, suna haifar da sakin histamine, wanda ke haifar da vasodilation ta yadda yawancin ƙwayoyin tsaro zasu iya isa yankin da ake buƙata don kawar da wakili mai mamayewa.
• Lymphocytes: Sun fi yawa a tsarin kwayar halitta amma suna nan a cikin jini kuma suna da nau'ikan 2: Kwayoyin B da T da ke aiki don ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin kansa.
• Monocytes: Zasu iya barin jinin jini kuma sun kware a cikin phagocytosis, wanda ya kunshi kashe maharan da gabatar da wani bangare na wannan maharin ga lymphocyte don a samar da karin kwayoyin kariya.

Arin fahimta game da menene leukocytes kuma menene ƙimar ƙididdiga.

4. platelets ko kuma thrombocytes

Tirkewar jini ne kwayoyin da ke da alhakin dakatar da zub da jini tare da samuwar daskarewar jini. Kowane milimita 1 na cubic millimeter na jini ya kamata ya ƙunshi platelet 150,000 zuwa 400,000.

Lokacin da mutum yake da karancin platelet fiye da yadda yake al'ada akwai wahalar dakatar da zub da jini, zai iya zama zubar jini wanda zai iya kaiwa ga mutuwa, kuma idan aka sami karin platelet fiye da yadda ake yi to akwai yiwuwar kamuwa da cututtukan thrombus wanda zai iya kawar da toshewar jijiyoyin jini wanda zai iya haifar infarction, bugun jini ko kuma embolism na huhu. Duba menene babba da ƙaramin platelets na iya ma'ana.

Nau'ukan jini

Ana iya rarraba jini gwargwadon kasancewar ko babu antigens A da B a saman jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Don haka, ana iya bayyana nau'ikan jini 4 gwargwadon rarrabuwa ABO:

1. Nau'in jini A, wanda jajayen kwayoyin jini suke da antigen A a samansu kuma suke samar da kwayoyin anti-B;
2. Nau'in jini B, a cikin wanda kwayoyin jinin ja suna da antigin B a saman su kuma suna samar da kwayoyin anti-A;
3. Nau'in jini AB, wanda jinin ja yake da duka nau'ikan antigen a saman su;
4. Nau'in jini O, wanda erythrocytes ba shi da antigens, tare da samar da anti-A da anti-B antigens.

Ana gano nau'in jini yayin haihuwa ta hanyar binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje. Gano duk irin nau'in jininka.

Ara koyo game da nau'in jini kuma ku fahimci yadda gudummawar ke aiki, a cikin bidiyo mai zuwa: