Ciwan hypercholesterolemia

Ciwan hypercholesterolemia na iyali cuta ce da ke yaduwa ta cikin iyalai. Yana haifar da matakin LDL (mara kyau) na cholesterol yayi girma sosai. Yanayin yana farawa daga haihuwa kuma yana iya haifar da bugun zuciya tun yana ƙarami.

Batutuwa masu alaƙa sun haɗa da:

• Haɗin gwiwar haɗin dangi
• Hawan jini mai yaduwar iyali
• Dysbetalipoproteinemia na iyali

Iyali hypercholesterolemia cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta. Sakamakon lalacewa ne akan chromosome 19.

Lalacewar ta sa jiki ya kasa cire ƙwayoyin cholesterol mai ƙima (LDL, ko mara kyau) daga jini. Wannan yana haifar da babban matakin LDL a cikin jini. Wannan zai baka damar rage jijiyoyin jiki daga atherosclerosis tun da wuri. Yanayin yakan zama ƙasa ta hanyar iyalai ta hanya mafi girman hanya. Wannan yana nufin kawai kuna buƙatar samun kwayar halitta ta mahaifa daga mahaifa ɗaya don ku gaji cutar.

A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, ɗa na iya gadon kwayar halitta daga iyayen biyu. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, ƙaruwar matakin cholesterol yafi tsanani. Haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon zuciya da cututtukan zuciya suna da yawa, ko da lokacin yarinta.

A farkon shekarun babu alamun alamun.

Kwayar cutar da ka iya faruwa sun hada da:

• Adadin fatar mai mai kira xanthomas akan wasu sassan hannaye, guiwar hannu, gwiwoyi, gwiwoyi da kuma kusa da ƙashin ido
• Cholesterol yana sanyawa a cikin fatar ido (xanthelasmas)
• Ciwon kirji (angina) ko wasu alamun cututtukan jijiyoyin jini na iya kasancewa a lokacin ƙuruciya
• Cushe ɗan mara ɗaya ko duka biyun yayin tafiya
• Ciwo a yatsun kafa wanda baya warkewa
• Kwatsam kamar bayyanar cututtuka irin su matsalar magana, faɗuwa a gefe ɗaya na fuska, rauni na hannu ko ƙafa, da rashin daidaituwa

Gwajin jiki na iya nuna ci gaban fata mai ƙira da ake kira xanthomas da ɗakunan ajiya na ƙwai a cikin ido (corneal arcus).

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi tambayoyi game da tarihin lafiyar ku da na iyali. Za a iya samun:

• Tarihin dangi mai karfi na hypercholesterolemia na iyali ko bugun zuciya da wuri
• Babban matakin LDL cholesterol a cikin ɗayan iyayen biyu

Ya kamata mutane daga iyalai da ke da ƙaƙƙarfan tarihin saurin bugun zuciya da farko su yi gwajin jini don ƙayyade matakan ƙiba.

Jarabawar jini na iya nuna:

• Babban matakin duka cholesterol
• Babban matakin LDL
• Matakan triglyceride na al'ada

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• Nazarin kwayoyin halitta da ake kira fibroblasts don ganin yadda jiki ke shan LDL cholesterol
• Gwajin kwayoyin halitta don lahani da ke tattare da wannan yanayin

Manufar magani ita ce rage barazanar cututtukan zuciya na atherosclerotic. Mutanen da suka sami kwafin kwaya daya nakasasshen kwayar halitta daga iyayensu na iya yin kyau tare da canjin abinci da magungunan ƙwayoyi.

SAUYIN YANAYI

Mataki na farko shine canza abin da kuke ci. Yawancin lokaci, mai ba da shawarar zai ba da shawarar ka gwada wannan na tsawon watanni kafin rubutattun magunguna. Canje-canjen abincin sun haɗa da rage yawan kitsen da kuke ci saboda ya zama ƙasa da 30% na yawan adadin kuzarinku. Idan kayi kiba, rage kiba yana da matukar amfani.

Anan akwai wasu hanyoyi don yanke kitsen mai daga abincinku:

• Ka rage cin naman sa, kaza, naman alade, da rago
• Sauya kayan kiwo mai cikakken mai tare da kayan mai mai mai
• Cire kayan mai

Zaka iya rage adadin cholesterol da kake ci ta hanyar kawar da ƙwan yol da naman gabobi kamar hanta.

Zai iya taimaka wajan yin magana da likitan abinci wanda zai iya ba ku shawara game da sauya halayen cin abincinku. Rage nauyi da motsa jiki na yau da kullun na iya taimakawa rage matakin cholesterol.

MAGUNGUNA

Idan sauye-sauyen rayuwa bai canza matakin cholesterol ba, mai ba ka sabis zai iya ba da shawarar ka sha magunguna. Akwai nau'ikan kwayoyi da yawa wadanda zasu taimaka don rage matakin cholesterol na jini, kuma suna aiki ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Wasu sun fi iya rage kwayar LDL, wasu suna da kyau wajen rage triglycerides, yayin da wasu ke taimakawa wajen daukaka HDL cholesterol. Mutane da yawa zasu kasance akan magunguna da yawa.

Ana amfani da ƙwayoyin Statin sosai kuma suna da tasiri sosai. Wadannan kwayoyi suna taimakawa rage haɗarin kamuwa da zuciya da bugun jini.

Sun hada da:

• Distance Ga-Rankuwa-Lovastatin (Mevacor)
• Fadar Pravastatin (Pravachol)
• Simvastatin (Zocor)
• Fluvastatin (Lescol)
• Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
• Pitivastatin (Livalo)
• Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

Sauran magungunan rage cholesterol sun hada da:

• Bile acid-sequestering resins.
• Ezetimibe.
• Fibrates (kamar gemfibrozil ko fenofibrate).
• Nicotinic acid.
• PCSK9 masu hanawa, kamar alirocumab (Praluent) da evolocumab (Repatha). Waɗannan suna wakiltar sababbin rukunin magunguna don magance babban ƙwayar cholesterol.

Mutanen da ke da mummunan cuta na iya buƙatar magani da ake kira apheresis. Ana cire jini ko jini a jiki. Musamman masu tacewa suna cire ƙarin LDL cholesterol, sannan ana mayar da jini mai jini a jiki.

Yaya za ku yi ya dogara da yadda kuke bin shawarar mai ba ku magani. Yin canjin abinci, motsa jiki, da shan magungunan ku daidai na iya rage matakin cholesterol. Waɗannan canje-canje na iya taimakawa jinkirta bugun zuciya, musamman ga mutanen da ke da larurar rashin lafiya.

Maza da mata masu fama da cutar hypercholesterolemia na dangi galibi suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon zuciya na farko.

Haɗarin mutuwa ya bambanta tsakanin mutanen da ke da cutar hypercholesterolemia ta iyali. Idan kun gaji kwafi biyu na kwayar halittar da ta lalace, kuna da sakamako mara kyau. Irin wannan cutar ta hypercholesterolemia ta iyali baya amsawa sosai ga magani kuma yana iya haifar da ciwon zuciya da wuri.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Ciwon zuciya tun yana ƙarami
• Ciwon zuciya
• Buguwa
• Cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki

Nemi kulawa kai tsaye idan kuna jin ciwon kirji ko wasu alamun gargaɗi na bugun zuciya.

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kuna da tarihin kanku ko na iyali na matakin ƙimar cholesterol.

Abincin mai ƙarancin cholesterol da mai mai ƙanshi da wadataccen mai mai ƙarancin abinci na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa matakin LDL ɗin ku.

Mutanen da ke da tarihin iyali na wannan yanayin, musamman idan iyayensu biyu suna dauke da lalatacciyar kwayar halitta, na iya so su nemi shawarar kwayoyin halitta.

Nau'in II hyperlipoproteinemia; Hypercholesterolemic xanthomatosis; Densityananan maye gurbin mai karɓar lipoprotein

• Cholesterol - menene za a tambayi likita

• Xanthoma - kusa-kusa
• Xanthoma a gwiwa
• Maganin jijiyoyin zuciya

Genest J, Libby P. Rashin lafiyar Lipoprotein da cututtukan zuciya. A cikin: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald na Ciwon Zuciya: Littafin rubutu na Magungunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 48.

Robinson JG. Rashin lafiya na maganin ƙwayar cuta. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 195.