Kidneyarshen-koda cuta

Kidneyarshen-ƙwayar cuta ta koda (ESKD) ita ce matakin ƙarshe na cututtukan koda na dogon lokaci (na kullum). Wannan shine lokacin da kodanku ba za su iya tallafawa bukatun jikinku ba.

Har ila yau ana kiran cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na ƙarshe-ƙarshen cutar koda (ESRD).

Kodan suna cire shara da yawan ruwa daga jiki. ESRD yana faruwa ne lokacin da kodan basu iya yin aiki a matakin da ake buƙata don rayuwar yau da kullun.

Sanadin sanadin ESRD a Amurka shine ciwon sukari da hawan jini. Wadannan yanayin na iya shafar koda.

ESRD kusan koyaushe yana zuwa bayan cutar koda mai tsanani. Kodan na iya dakatar da aiki sannu a hankali tsawon shekaru 10 zuwa 20 kafin sakamakon cutar matakin karshe.

Kwayar cutar ta yau da kullun na iya haɗawa da:

• Jin ciwo da gajiya na gaba ɗaya
• Itching (pruritus) da bushewar fata
• Ciwon kai
• Rage nauyi ba tare da gwadawa ba
• Rashin ci
• Ciwan

Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Baƙin duhu ko fata mara kyau
• Ilusa canje-canje
• Ciwon ƙashi
• Bacci da rudani
• Matsalolin tattara hankali ko tunani
• Jin ƙyama a cikin hannu, ƙafa, ko wasu yankuna
• Arƙwarar tsoka ko raɗaɗi
• Warin numfashi
• Easyarami mai sauƙi, zubar jini, ko jini a cikin kujerun
• Thirstishirwa mai yawa
• Yawan hutun lokaci
• Matsaloli tare da aikin jima'i
• Lokacin jinin haila ya tsaya (amenorrhea)
• Matsalar bacci
• Kumburin kafafu da hannaye (edema)
• Amai, galibi da safe

Mai kula da lafiyar ku zaiyi gwajin jiki kuma yayi odar gwajin jini. Yawancin mutanen da ke wannan yanayin suna da cutar hawan jini.

Mutanen da ke da ESRD ba za su rage yawan fitsari ba, ko kuma kodan su ba sa yin fitsari.

ESRD yana canza sakamakon gwajin da yawa. Mutanen da ke karɓar wankin koda suna buƙatar waɗannan da sauran gwaje-gwajen da ake yi sau da yawa:

• Potassium
• Sodium
• Albumin
• Phosphorous
• Alli
• Cholesterol
• Magnesium
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Wutan lantarki

Wannan cutar na iya canza sakamakon gwajin da ke gaba:

• Vitamin D
• Parathyroid hormone
• Gwajin ƙashi

ESRD na iya buƙatar a bi da shi ta dialysis ko dashen koda. Wataƙila kuna buƙatar tsayawa kan abinci na musamman ko shan magunguna don taimakawa jikin ku aiki da kyau.

DIALYSIS

Dialysis yana yin wasu ayyukan koda lokacin da suka daina aiki da kyau.

Dialysis na iya:

• Cire ƙarin gishiri, ruwa, da kayan ɓarnar don kada su tashi a jikinku
• Kiyaye matakan lafiya na ma'adanai da bitamin a jikinku
• Taimakawa wajen sarrafa karfin jini
• Taimaka wa jiki don yin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini

Mai ba ku sabis zai tattauna tare da ku kafin ku buƙace shi. Dialysis yana cire ɓarnar da ke cikin jininka lokacin da ƙododanka ba za su iya yin aikinsu ba.

• Yawancin lokaci, zaku ci gaba da aikin wankin koda lokacin da ya rage kashi 10% zuwa 15% na aikin koda ya rage.
• Koda mutanen da ke jiran dashen koda na iya buƙatar wankin koda yayin jiran.

Ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban guda biyu don yin wankin ciki:

• A lokacin daukar jini, jinin ku yana ratsa wani bututu zuwa cikin koda ta roba, ko kuma tacewa. Ana iya yin wannan hanyar a gida ko a cibiyar wankin koda.
• Yayin wankin ciki na jiki, bayani na musamman ya wuce cikin cikinku koda yake bututun catheter ne. Maganin ya kasance a cikin cikinka na wani lokaci sannan a cire. Ana iya yin wannan hanyar a gida, a wurin aiki, ko yayin tafiya.

KYAUTAR RANKA

Dasa koda shine tiyata don sanya lafiyayyar koda cikin mutum mai fama da cutar koda. Likitanka zai tura ka zuwa cibiyar dasawa. A can, za a gan ku kuma a kimanta ku ta hanyar dasa kayan. Zasu so su tabbatar da cewa kai dan takarar kirki ne na dashen koda.

RIBA TA MUSAMMAN

Kuna iya buƙatar ci gaba da bin abinci na musamman don cutar koda mai tsanani. Abincin na iya haɗawa da:

• Cin abinci mai ƙarancin furotin
• Samun wadataccen adadin kuzari idan kuna rage nauyi
• Iyakance ruwan sha
• Iyakance gishiri, potassium, phosphorous, da sauran wutan lantarki

SAURAN MAGANI

Sauran magani ya dogara da alamunku, amma na iya haɗawa da:

• Calciumarin alli da bitamin D. (Yi magana da mai ba da sabis koyaushe kafin ɗaukar ƙarin.)
• Magunguna da ake kira masu ɗaurewar phosphate, don taimakawa hana matakan phosphorous daga yin yawa.
• Jiyya don ƙarancin jini, kamar ƙarin baƙin ƙarfe a cikin abinci, ƙwayoyin baƙin ƙarfe ko harbi, harbi na wani magani da ake kira erythropoietin, da ƙarin jini.
• Magunguna don sarrafa hawan jini.

Yi magana da mai ba ku sabis game da allurar rigakafin da kuke buƙata, gami da:

• Allurar cutar hepatitis A
• Cutar rigakafin hepatitis B
• Alurar rigakafin mura
• Alurar rigakafin ciwon huhu (PPV)

Wasu mutane na iya amfana daga shiga cikin ƙungiyar tallafawa cutar koda.

Cutar koda ta ƙarshe tana haifar da mutuwa idan ba ku da aikin wankin koda ko dashen koda. Duk waɗannan maganin suna da haɗari. Sakamakon ya bambanta ga kowane mutum.

Matsalolin kiwon lafiya waɗanda zasu iya haifar da ESRD sun haɗa da:

• Anemia
• Zuban jini daga ciki ko hanji
• Kashi, haɗin gwiwa, da ciwon tsoka
• Canje-canje a cikin sukarin jini (glucose)
• Lalacewa ga jijiyoyin kafafu da hannaye
• Girman ruwa a kewayen huhu
• Hawan jini, bugun zuciya, da gazawar zuciya
• Babban matakin potassium
• Riskarin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta
• Lalacewar hanta ko gazawa
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• Rashin kuskure ko rashin haihuwa
• Rashin ƙafafun ƙafa
• Bugun jini, kamuwa, da cutar mantuwa
• Kumburi da kumburi
• Raguwa da kasusuwa da karaya da suka danganci babban phosphorous da ƙananan matakan alli

Rashin koda - matakin ƙarshe; Rashin koda - matakin ƙarshe; ESRD; ESKD

• Ciwon jikin koda
• Glomerulus da nephron

Gaitonde DY, Cook DL, Rivera IM. Ciwon koda na yau da kullum: ganowa da kimantawa. Am Fam Likita. 2017; 96 (12): 776-783. PMID: 29431364 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29431364/.

Inker LA, Levey AS. Tsayawa da kuma kula da cutar koda mai tsanani. A cikin: Gilbert SJ, Weiner DE, eds. Gidauniyar Gidauniyar Koda ta Farko kan cututtukan Koda. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 52.

Taal MW. Rarrabawa da gudanar da cutar koda mai tsanani. A cikin: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner da Rector na Koda. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 59.

Yeun JY, Matasa B, Depner TA, Chin AA. Hemodialysis. A cikin: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner da Rector na Koda. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 63.