Tsarin azotemia

Prerenal azotemia shine babban matakin ƙarancin kayan sharar nitrogen a cikin jini.

Pre-predeal azotemia abu ne gama gari, musamman ga tsofaffi da kuma mutanen da ke asibiti.

Kodan tace jini. Suna kuma yin fitsari dan cire kayan da suka bata. Lokacin da yawan jini, ko matsi, na jini ya bi ta cikin diga koda, tace jinin shima ya sauka. Ko bazai yuwu ba kwata-kwata. Shararrun abubuwa sun kasance cikin jini. An yi fitsari kaɗan ko kaɗan, duk da cewa koda kanta tana aiki.

Lokacin da kayan sharar nitrogen, kamar su creatinine da urea, suka gina a cikin jiki, ana kiran wannan yanayin azotemia. Wadannan kayan sharar suna aiki ne a matsayin guba idan suka gina. Suna lalata kayan kyallen takarda kuma suna rage karfin gabobin da suke aiki.

Pre-predealal azotemia shine mafi yawan nau'ikan gazawar koda ga mutanen asibiti. Duk wani yanayin da zai rage kwararar jini zuwa koda na iya haifar da shi, gami da:

• Sonewa
• Yanayin da ke bawa ruwa damar tserewa daga hanyoyin jini
• Amai na dogon lokaci, gudawa, ko zubar jini
• Shafin zafi
• Rage yawan shan ruwa (rashin ruwa)
• Rashin girman jini
• Wasu magunguna, kamar masu hana ACE (magungunan da ke magance ciwon zuciya ko hawan jini) da kuma NSAIDs

Yanayin da zuciya ba zata iya fitar da isasshen jini ko zubar jini a ƙaramin ƙarfi kuma yana ƙara haɗarin azotemia kafin haihuwa. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun haɗa da:

• Ajiyar zuciya
• Shock (najasawa buga)

Hakanan za'a iya haifar dashi ta yanayin da ke dakatar da gudan jini zuwa koda, kamar:

• Wasu nau'ikan tiyata
• Rauni ga koda
• Toshewar jijiyar dake bayarda jini zuwa ga koda (koda maganin rufewar ciki)

Prestalal azotemia bazai da alamun bayyanar. Ko, alamun bayyanar cututtukan sanadin azotemia na iya kasancewa.

Kwayar cututtukan rashin ruwa na iya kasancewa kuma sun haɗa da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Rikicewa
• Rage ko babu fitowar fitsari
• Bushewar baki saboda kishirwa
• Saurin bugun jini
• Gajiya
• Launin launi na fata
• Kumburi

Gwaji na iya nuna:

• Rushewar jijiyoyin wuya
• Bushewar mucous
• Kadan ko babu fitsari a cikin mafitsara
• Pressureananan hawan jini
• Heartananan aikin zuciya ko hypovolemia
• Lasticarancin fata mara kyau (turgor)
• Saurin bugun zuciya
• Rage bugun jini
• Alamomin rashin ciwon koda

Za a iya yin gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:

• Jinin halitta
• BUN
• Fitsarin fitsari da takamaiman nauyi
• Jarabawar fitsari don duba matakan sinadarin sodium da na creatinine da kuma lura da aikin koda

Babban hadafin magani shine a hanzarta gyara abin kafin kodar ta lalace. Mutane galibi suna buƙatar tsayawa a asibiti.

Ana iya amfani da ruwan ciki (IV), gami da jini ko abubuwan da aka samo daga jini, don ƙara yawan jini. Bayan an dawo da karfin jini, ana iya amfani da magunguna don:

• Kara hawan jini
• Inganta bugun zuciya

Idan mutum yana da alamun rashin saurin koda, magani zai iya haɗawa da:

• Dialysis
• Canjin abinci
• Magunguna

Ana iya juya azotemia kafin lokacin idan za'a iya gano dalilin kuma a gyara shi cikin awanni 24. Idan ba a gyara abin da sauri ba, lalacewa na iya faruwa ga koda (m tubular necrosis).

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Ciwon koda
• Cananan necrosis (mutuwar nama)

Je zuwa dakin gaggawa ko kira lambar gaggawa na cikin gida (kamar 911) idan kuna da alamun rashin lafiyar azotemia.

Saurin magance duk wani yanayin da zai rage girma ko karfi na gudan jini ta cikin koda zai iya taimakawa rigakafin azotemia.

Azotemia - prerenal; Uremia; Renal underperfusion; Ciwon ƙwayar koda - azotemia ta farko

• Ciwon jikin koda
• Koda - jini da fitsari suna gudana

Haseley L, Jefferson JA. Pathophysiology da etiology na ciwon koda mai rauni. A cikin: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, eds. M Clinical Nephrology. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: sura 66.

Okusa MD, Portilla D. Pathophysiology na ciwon koda mai tsanani. A cikin: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner da Rector na Koda. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 28.

Wolfson AB. Kusarwar koda. A cikin: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Rosen: Ka'idoji da Aikin Gwajin Asibiti. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 87.