Methemoglobinemia

Methemoglobinemia (MetHb) cuta ce ta jini wanda a cikin sa ake samar da wani abu mara kyau na methemoglobin. Hemoglobin shine furotin a cikin jinin ja (RBCs) wanda ke ɗauke da rarraba oxygen zuwa jiki. Methemoglobin wani nau'i ne na haemoglobin.

Tare da methemoglobinemia, haemoglobin na iya ɗaukar oxygen, amma ba zai iya sakin sa da kyau ga kayan jikin ba.

Yanayin MetHb na iya zama:

• An wuce ta cikin dangi (na gado ko na haihuwa)
• Rashin tasiri ga wasu magunguna, sunadarai, ko abinci (samu)

Akwai nau'i biyu na MetHb da aka gada. Fom na farko iyayen biyu ne suka ba da shi. Iyaye galibi ba su da yanayin kansu. Suna ɗauke da kwayar halittar da ke haifar da yanayin. Yana faruwa idan akwai matsala tare da enzyme da ake kira cytochrome b5 reductase.

Akwai nau'ikan MetHb biyu da aka gada:

• Nau'in 1 (wanda kuma ake kira rashi erythrocyte) yana faruwa lokacin da RBC ba su da enzyme.
• Nau'in na 2 (wanda kuma ake kira rashi na ƙayyadadden rashi) yana faruwa ne lokacin da enzyme din baya aiki a jiki.

Nau'i na biyu na gadon MetHb ana kiransa cutar haemoglobin M. Hakan na faruwa ne ta lahani a cikin furotin na haemoglobin kanta. Iyaye daya ne kadai ke bukatar yada kwayar cutar da ba ta dace ba don yaron ya gaji cutar.

Hanyar MetHb da aka samu ya fi kowa yawa fiye da siffofin da aka gada. Yana faruwa ne a cikin wasu mutane bayan sun kamu da wasu sinadarai da magunguna, gami da:

• Magungunan maganin sa maye kamar su benzocaine
• Nitrobenzene
• Wasu maganin rigakafi (gami dapsone da chloroquine)
• Nitrites (anyi amfani dashi azaman ƙari don hana nama lalacewa)

Kwayar cututtukan cututtuka na irin 1 MetHb sun haɗa da:

• Bluish canza launin fata

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan 2 na MetHb sun haɗa da:

• Ci gaban bata lokaci
• Rashin cin nasara
• Rashin hankali
• Kamawa

Kwayar cututtukan haemoglobin M sun hada da:

• Bluish canza launin fata

Kwayar cututtukan MetHb da aka samu sun haɗa da:

• Bluish canza launin fata
• Ciwon kai
• Bakin ciki
• Canjin yanayin tunani
• Gajiya
• Rashin numfashi
• Rashin kuzari

Jariri mai wannan yanayin zai sami launin fata mai laushi (cyanosis) yayin haihuwa ko kuma jim kaɗan bayan haka. Mai ba da kiwon lafiyar zai yi gwajin jini don gano yanayin. Gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Duba matakin oxygen a cikin jini (bugun jini)
• Gwajin jini don bincika matakan gas a cikin jini (nazarin iskar gas na jini)

Mutanen da ke da cutar haemoglobin M ba su da alamomi. Don haka, ƙila ba su buƙatar magani.

Ana amfani da magani mai suna methylene blue don magance mai tsanani MetHb. Methylene blue na iya zama mara lafiya a cikin mutanen da ke da ko kuma suna iya fuskantar haɗarin cutar cututtukan jini da ake kira rashi G6PD. Bai kamata su sha wannan maganin ba. Idan ku ko yaranku suna da rashi na G6PD, koyaushe ku gaya wa mai ba ku sabis kafin samun magani.

Hakanan za'a iya amfani da acid ascorbic don rage matakin methemoglobin.

Sauran maganin sun hada da maganin iskar oxygen, zubar jini da musayar jini.

A mafi yawan lokuta na ƙananan MetHb da aka samu, ba a buƙatar magani. Amma ya kamata ka guji magani ko sinadarin da ya haifar da matsalar. Matsaloli masu tsanani na iya buƙatar ƙarin jini.

Mutanen da ke da nau'in 1 MetHb da cutar haemoglobin M galibi suna yin kyau. Rubuta 2 MetHb ya fi tsanani. Yana yawan haifar da mutuwa tsakanin withinan shekarun farko na rayuwa.

Mutanen da ke da MetHb da aka samu sau da yawa suna yin kyau sosai da zarar an gano magunguna, abinci, ko kuma sanadarin da ya haifar da matsalar kuma a kauce musu.

Matsalolin MetHb sun haɗa da:

• Shock
• Kamawa
• Mutuwa

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kun:

• Yi tarihin iyali na MetHb
• Ci gaba bayyanar cututtuka na wannan cuta

Kira mai ba ku sabis ko sabis na gaggawa (911) nan da nan idan kuna da ƙarancin numfashi.

Ana ba da shawara kan dabi'un halitta don ma'aurata tare da tarihin iyali na MetHb kuma suna la'akari da samun yara.

Yara jarirai masu watanni 6 ko ƙarami suna iya kamuwa da cutar methemoglobinemia. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a guji cin abinci na cikin gida na yara wanda aka yi shi daga kayan lambu mai ɗauke da ɗimbin nitrates na ƙasa, kamar su karas, beetroots, ko alayyafo.

Hemoglobin M cutar; Erythrocyte rashi rashi; Izedayyadadden rashi; MetHb

• Kwayoyin jini

Benz EJ, Ebert BL. Bambance-bambancen Hemoglobin da ke haɗuwa da cutar ƙarancin jini, canza dangantakar oxygen, da methemoglobinemias. A cikin: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, eds. Hematology: Ka'idoji da Aiki. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 43.

Letterio J, Pateva I, Petrosiute A, Ahuja S. Hematologic da matsalolin oncologic a cikin ɗan tayi da jariri. A cikin: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Fanaroff da Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 79.

Yana nufin RT. Kusanci da anemias. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 149.