Cutar sankarau - cryptococcal

Cutar sankarau ta 'Cryptococcal meningitis' cuta ce ta fungal da kyallen takarda da ke rufe kwakwalwa da lakar kashin baya. Wadannan kyallen takarda ana kiransu meninges.

A mafi yawan lokuta, sankarau ne ke haifar da cutar sankarau ta cryptococcal Neoformans na Cryptococcus. Ana samun wannan naman gwari a cikin kasa a duniya. Cryptococcus gattii Hakanan yana iya haifar da sankarau, amma wannan nau'i na iya haifar da cuta ga marasa lafiya tare da tsarin garkuwar jiki na yau da kullun.

Wannan nau'in cutar sankarau ba ta yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum. Yawancin lokaci, yana yaduwa ta hanyoyin jini zuwa kwakwalwa daga wani wuri a cikin jiki da ke da kamuwa da cutar.

Neoformans na Cryptococcus cutar sankarau galibi tana shafar mutane masu rauni a garkuwar jiki, gami da mutanen da suke da:

• Cutar kanjamau
• Cirrhosis (wani nau'in cutar hanta)
• Ciwon suga
• Ciwon sankarar jini
• Lymphoma
• Sarcoidosis
• Dashen kayan aiki

Cutar ba safai ake samu ba ga mutanen da ke da garkuwar jiki ba tare da wata matsala ta lafiya ba.

Wannan nau'i na cutar sankarau yana farawa a hankali, sama da fewan kwanaki zuwa weeksan makonni. Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Zazzaɓi
• Mafarki
• Ciwon kai
• Canjin halin tunani (rikicewa)
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Sensitivity zuwa haske
• Wuya wuya

Mai ba da lafiyar ku zai bincika ku kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamunku.

Ana amfani da hujin lumbar (kashin baya) don tantance cutar sankarau. A wannan gwajin, an cire samfurin ruwar sankara (CSF) daga kashin bayan ku kuma an gwada shi.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• Al'adar jini
• Kirjin x-ray
• Antigen Cryptococcal a cikin CSF ko jini, don neman ƙwayoyin cuta
• Binciken CSF don ƙididdigar tantanin halitta, glucose, da furotin
• CT scan na kai
• Gram tabo, sauran tabo na musamman, da al'adun CSF

Ana amfani da magungunan antifungal don magance wannan nau'in cutar sankarau. Hanyar jijiyoyin jini (IV, ta cikin jijiya) tare da amphotericin B shine magani mafi mahimmanci. Sau da yawa ana haɗa shi tare da maganin antifungal na baki wanda ake kira 5-flucytosine.

Wani magani na baka, fluconazole, a cikin manyan allurai na iya zama mai tasiri. Idan ana buƙata, za a tsara shi daga baya a cikin tafarkin cutar.

Mutanen da suka murmure daga cutar sankarau ta cryptococcal suna buƙatar magani na dogon lokaci don hana kamuwa da cutar daga dawowa. Mutanen da ke da raunin garkuwar jiki, kamar wadanda ke dauke da cutar kanjamau, suma za su bukaci magani na dogon lokaci don inganta garkuwar jikinsu.

Wadannan rikitarwa na iya faruwa daga wannan kamuwa da cuta:

• Lalacewar kwakwalwa
• Rashin ji ko gani
• Hydrocephalus (CSF mai yawa a cikin kwakwalwa)
• Kamawa
• Mutuwa

Amphotericin B na iya samun sakamako masu illa kamar:

• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Zazzabi da sanyi
• Hadin gwiwa da tsokoki
• Lalacewar koda

Kira lambar gaggawa na gida (kamar su 911) idan kuka ci gaba da ɗayan manyan alamun alamun da aka lissafa a sama. Cutar sankarau na saurin zama cuta mai barazanar rai.

Kira lambar gaggawa ta yankinku ko zuwa ɗakin gaggawa idan kuna tsammanin meningitis a cikin ƙaramin yaro wanda ke da waɗannan alamun:

• Matsalolin ciyarwa
• Babban kuka
• Rashin fushi
• M, zazzabi mara bayani

Cutar sankarau ta Cryptococcal

• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da tsarin juyayi na gefe

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Ciwon sankarau na sankarau. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/fungal.html. An sabunta Agusta 06, 2019. Iso zuwa Fabrairu 18, 2021.

Kauffman CA, Chen S. Cryptococcosis. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 317.

Cikakken JR. Cryptococcosis (Neoformans na Cryptococcus kuma Cryptococcus gattii). A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 262.