Brain ƙari - yara

Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa shine rukuni (taro) na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke girma a cikin kwakwalwa.

Wannan labarin yana mai da hankali kan ciwan kwakwalwa na farko a cikin yara.

Dalilin sanadin cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa na farko galibi ba a sani ba. Wasu cututtukan kwakwalwa na farko suna haɗuwa da wasu cututtukan cuta ko kuma suna da halin gudu a cikin iyali:

• Ba na ciwon daji ba (mai rauni)
• Yawo (yaɗa zuwa yankunan da ke kusa)
• Cancerous (m)

An rarraba ƙwayoyin cuta na kwakwalwa dangane da:

• Ainihin wurin da cutar
• Nau'in nama da ke ciki
• Ko cutar kansa ce

Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa na iya lalata ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa kai tsaye. Hakanan zasu iya lalata ƙwayoyin a kaikaice ta hanyar turawa akan wasu sassan kwakwalwa. Wannan yana haifar da kumburi da karin matsi a cikin kwanyar.

Tumor na iya faruwa a kowane zamani. Yawancin ciwace-ciwacen daji sun fi yawa a wani zamani. Gabaɗaya, cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin yara suna da wuya.

NAU'O'IN TUMO NA KWANA

Astrocytomas yawanci basuda cutar kansa, suna ciwan ciwuri a hankali. Mafi yawanci suna tasowa a cikin yara masu shekaru 5 zuwa 8. Har ila yau ana kiransu gliomas-low-grade, waɗannan sune mafi yawan ciwan ƙwaƙwalwar yara ga yara.

Medulloblastomas sune mafi yawan nau'in cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar yara. Yawancin medulloblastomas suna faruwa kafin shekara 10.

Ependymomas wani nau'i ne na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar yara wanda zai iya zama mai laushi (mara haɗari) ko m (mai cutar kansa). Wuri da nau'in ependymoma suna ƙayyade nau'in maganin da ake buƙata don sarrafa ƙari.

Brainstem gliomas ƙananan ƙwayoyi ne waɗanda ke faruwa kusan yara kawai. Matsakaicin shekarun da suka bunkasa kusan 6. Ciwan zai iya girma sosai kafin ya haifar da alamomi.

Kwayar cututtukan na iya zama da dabara kuma sai a hankali ta zama da muni, ko kuma su iya faruwa da sauri.

Ciwon kai shine mafi yawan lokuta alamun bayyanar. Amma da wuya yara masu ciwon kai ke da ƙari. Hanyoyin ciwon kai waɗanda zasu iya faruwa tare da ciwan ƙwaƙwalwa sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon kai wanda ya fi muni yayin farkawa da safe kuma ya tafi cikin fewan awanni
• Ciwon kai wanda yake taɓarɓarewa tare da tari ko motsa jiki, ko tare da canjin yanayin jiki
• Ciwon kai wanda ke faruwa yayin bacci kuma tare da aƙalla wata alama guda ɗaya kamar amai ko rikicewa

Wani lokaci, alamun bayyanar cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa sune canje-canje na tunani, wanda zai haɗa da:

• Canje-canje a cikin ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a
• Kasa maida hankali
• Yawan bacci
• Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
• Matsaloli tare da tunani

Sauran alamun bayyanar sune:

• Yawan amai mara dalili
• Rage motsi a hankali a hankali a cikin hannu ko kafa
• Rashin ji tare da ko jiri
• Wahalar magana
• Matsalar hangen nesa da ba zato ba tsammani (musamman idan ya faru tare da ciwon kai), gami da asarar gani (yawanci hangen nesa) a ido ɗaya ko duka biyu, ko hangen nesa biyu
• Matsaloli tare da daidaituwa
• Rauni ko suma

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki. Yara na iya samun alamun alamun na gaba:

• Bulging fontanelle
• Bude idanu
• Babu ja da hankali a cikin ido
• Gaskiya Babinski mai kyau
• Sutattun keɓaɓɓu

Yaran da suka tsufa tare da ciwan ƙwaƙwalwa na iya samun alamun alamomi ko alamu na zahiri:

• Ciwon kai
• Amai
• Gani ya canza
• Canza yadda yaro yake tafiya (gait)
• Raunin wani sashin jiki na musamman
• Karkatar kai

Ana iya amfani da gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa don gano ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma gano wurin da take:

• CT scan na kai
• MRI na kwakwalwa
• Binciken ruwa na jijiyoyin kwakwalwa (CSF)

Jiyya ya dogara da girma da nau'in kumburi da kuma lafiyar yara gaba ɗaya. Manufofin magani na iya zama don warkar da ƙari, sauƙaƙe alamomi, da haɓaka aikin kwakwalwa ko ta'azantar da yaron.

Ana buƙatar aikin tiyata don yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta na farko. Wasu ciwace ciwace na iya cirewa gaba daya. A cikin yanayin da ba za a iya cire kumburin ba, tiyata na iya taimakawa rage matsa lamba da sauƙaƙe bayyanar cututtuka. Ana iya amfani da cutar sankara ko maganin fuka-fuka don wasu ƙari.

Wadannan su ne magunguna don takamaiman nau'in ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi:

• Astrocytoma: Yin tiyata don cire ƙari shine babban magani. Chemotherapy ko farfadowa na radiation na iya zama dole.
• Brainstem gliomas: Yin tiyata bazai yiwu ba saboda wurin ciwon kumburi a cikin kwakwalwa. Ana amfani da Radiation don rage ƙwayar cuta da tsawanta rayuwa. Wani lokaci ana iya amfani da ilimin kimiya da ke niyya.
• Ependymomas: Jiyya ya haɗa da tiyata. Radiation da chemotherapy na iya zama dole.
• Medulloblastomas: Yin tiyata kawai ba ya warkar da irin wannan kumburin. Chemotherapy tare da ko ba tare da radiation ba sau da yawa ana amfani dashi tare da tiyata.

Magungunan da ake amfani dasu don kula da yara masu cutar ƙwaƙwalwa ta farko sun haɗa da:

• Corticosteroids don rage kumburin kwakwalwa
• Diuretics (kwayoyi na ruwa) don rage kumburin kwakwalwa da matsin lamba
• Anticonvulsants don rage ko hana kamuwa
• Magungunan ciwo
• Chemotherapy don taimakawa rage ƙwayar cuta ko hana ƙwayar daga girma

Matakan ta'aziyya, matakan tsaro, lafiyar jiki, maganin aiki, da sauran irin waɗannan matakan na iya buƙata don haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa.

Kuna iya sauƙaƙa damuwar rashin lafiya ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙungiyar tallafawa kansa. Yin tarayya tare da wasu waɗanda suke da masaniya da matsaloli na yau da kullun na iya taimaka muku da yaranku su ji ba su da kansu.

Yaya kyau yaro ke dogara da abubuwa da yawa, gami da nau'in ƙari.Gabaɗaya, kusan 3 cikin yara 4 suna rayuwa aƙalla shekaru 5 bayan an gano su.

Brainwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa na dogon lokaci da matsalolin tsarin jijiyoyi na iya haifar da ƙari kanta ko kuma daga magani. Yara na iya samun matsaloli tare da kulawa, mai da hankali, ko ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Hakanan suna iya samun matsala wajen sarrafa bayanai, tsarawa, fahimta, ko himma ko sha'awar yin abubuwa.

Yaran da ba su kai shekara 7 ba, musamman ma matasa da shekarunsu uku, da alama suna cikin haɗarin waɗannan rikitarwa.

Iyaye suna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa yara suna karɓar sabis na tallafi a gida da makaranta.

Kira mai ba da sabis idan yaro ya kamu da ciwon kai wanda ba ya tafiya ko wasu alamun cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

Je zuwa ɗakin gaggawa idan yaro ya ci gaba da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Raunin jiki
• Canja a cikin hali
• Tsananin ciwon kai wanda ba a san dalilinsa ba
• Kwace sanadiyyar abin da ba a sani ba
• Gani ya canza
• Canza magana

Glioblastoma multiforme - yara; Ependymoma - yara; Glioma - yara; Astrocytoma - yara; Medulloblastoma - yara; Neuroglioma - yara; Oligodendroglioma - yara; Meningioma - yara; Cancer - ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa (yara)

• Brain radiation - fitarwa
• Yin tiyatar kwakwalwa - fitarwa
• Chemotherapy - abin da za a tambayi likita
• Radiation far - tambayoyi don tambayi likitan ku

• Brain
• Cutar ƙwaƙwalwar farko

Kieran MW, Chi SN, Manley PE, et al. Umananan ƙwayoyi na kwakwalwa da ƙashin baya. A cikin: Orkin SH, Fisher DE, Ginsburg D, Duba AT, Lux SE, Nathan DG, eds. Nathan da Oski na Hematology da Oncology na jarirai da Yara. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: babi na 57.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Waƙwalwar yara da ƙwaƙwalwar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki (PDQ): fasalin ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya. www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-brain-treatment-pdq. An sabunta Agusta 2, 2017. Iso ga Agusta 26, 2019.

Zaky W, Ater JL, Khatua S. Ciwon ƙwayar ƙuruciya a lokacin ƙuruciya. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 524.