Ciwon sukari - maganin insulin

Insulin wani sinadari ne wanda ake samar dashi don taimakawa jiki amfani da kuma adana glucose. Glucose shine tushen mai ga jiki.

Tare da ciwon sukari, jiki ba zai iya daidaita adadin glucose a cikin jini ba (wanda ake kira glycemia ko suga na jini). Maganin insulin zai iya taimaka wa wasu mutane da ke fama da ciwon sukari su kiyaye matakan sukarin jininsu.

Carbohydrates daga abinci sun narke zuwa glucose da sauran sugars. Glucose yana karbar daga narkewar abinci a cikin jini. Insulin yana rage suga cikin jini ta hanyar bashi damar motsawa daga cikin jini zuwa tsoka, kitse, da sauran kwayoyin halitta, inda za'a iya ajiye shi ko amfani dashi azaman mai. Insulin kuma yana gayawa hanta irin yawan glucose da zai samar lokacin da kake azumi (ba ka da wani abinci kwanan nan).

Masu fama da ciwon suga suna da hawan jini saboda jikinsu baya yin isasshen insulin ko kuma saboda jikinsu baya amsar insulin yadda ya kamata.

• Tare da ciwon sukari na nau'in 1 pancreas yana samar da ƙarancin insulin.
• Tare da ciwon sukari na 2 mai, hanta, da ƙwayoyin tsoka ba sa amsa daidai ga insulin. Wannan ana kiransa juriya ta insulin. Lokaci ya yi, pancreas ta daina yin insulin sosai.

Sashin insulin ya maye gurbin insulin da jiki zaiyi. Mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari na 1 dole ne su sha insulin kowace rana.

Mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari na 2 suna buƙatar shan insulin lokacin da sauran jiyya da magunguna suka kasa sarrafa matakan sukarin jini.

Ana ba da allurar insulin ta manyan hanyoyi biyu:

• Basal kashi - yana bada adadin insulin da ake kawowa dare da rana. Wannan yana taimakawa kiyaye matakan glucose na jini ta hanyar sarrafa yawan glucose hanta ke fitarwa.
• Bolus kashi - yana samar da sinadarin insulin a abinci don taimakawa motsa sikari daga jini zuwa tsoka da mai. Hakanan yawan allurai na Bolus na iya taimakawa gyaran sukarin jini lokacin da yayi yawa. Hakanan ana kiran allurai na Bolus abinci mai gina jiki ko lokacin cin abinci.

Akwai nau'ikan insulin da yawa. Nau'in insulin ya dogara ne da abubuwan da ke tafe:

• Farawa - yaya saurin fara aiki bayan allura
• Ganiya - lokacin da maganin yafi karfi da tasiri
• Tsawon lokaci - gabaɗaya adadin insulin yana kasancewa a cikin jini kuma yana rage sukarin jini

A ƙasa akwai nau'ikan insulin daban-daban:

• Yin aiki da sauri ko insulin mai sauri fara aiki a cikin mintina 15, kololuwa cikin awa 1, kuma yakan ɗauki awanni 4. Ana ɗauka daidai ko bayan an gama cin abinci da ciye-ciye. Ana amfani dashi sau da yawa tare da insulin mai tsayi.
• Insulin na yau da kullun ko gajeren aiki ya kai ga jini na mintina 30 bayan an yi amfani da shi, ya hau kololuwa cikin awanni 2 zuwa 3, kuma yana awanni 3 zuwa 6. Ana ɗaukar wannan rabin sa'a kafin cin abinci da abinci. Ana amfani dashi sau da yawa tare da insulin mai tsayi.
• Matsakaici-aiki ko insulin basal fara aiki a tsakanin awanni 2 zuwa 4, kololuwa cikin awa 4 zuwa 12, kuma yana ɗaukar awanni 12 zuwa 18. Ana shan wannan galibi ko sau biyu a rana ko lokacin kwanciya.
• Insulin mai dogon lokaci fara aiki yan awanni kadan bayan allura kuma yana aiki na kimanin awa 24, wani lokacin ma ya fi haka. Yana taimakawa sarrafa glucose cikin yini. Ana haɗa shi sau da yawa tare da insulin mai saurin aiki ko gajere kamar yadda ake buƙata.
• Fitaccen insulin mai hade hade ne na insulin iri biyu. Yana da duka mahimmanci da ƙwayar bolus don sarrafa glucose bayan abinci da cikin yini.
• Sinadarin insulin shine ƙwayar insulin mai saurin numfashi wanda ya fara aiki tsakanin mintina 15 da amfani. Ana amfani dashi kafin cin abinci.

Za a iya amfani da nau'in insulin daya ko fiye tare don taimakawa wajen sarrafa suga a cikin jini. Hakanan kuna iya amfani da insulin tare da sauran magungunan ciwon suga. Mai ba ku kiwon lafiya zai yi aiki tare da ku don samo madaidaicin haɗin magunguna a gare ku.

Mai ba ku sabis zai faɗi lokacin da sau nawa kuke buƙatar shan insulin. Tsarin jadawalin ku na iya dogara da:

• Nauyin ki
• Nau'in insulin da kuke sha
• Nawa da abin da kuke ci
• Matsayi na motsa jiki
• Matakin sikarin jininka
• Sauran yanayin kiwon lafiya

Mai ba da sabis ɗinku zai iya lissafa muku yawan insulin. Mai ba da sabis ɗinku zai gaya muku yadda da lokacin da za ku binciki sukarin jininku da kuma lokacin yin allurai cikin dare da rana.

Ba za a iya ɗaukar insulin da baki ba saboda ruwan ciki na lalata insulin. An fi yawan allura a ƙarƙashin fata a cikin nama mai ƙanshi. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na isar da insulin:

• Sirinjin insulin - an cire insulin daga vial a cikin sirinji. Amfani da allurar, za ku yi allurar insulin a ƙarƙashin fata.
• Injin insulin - karamin inji da ake sawa a jiki yana fashin insulin a karkashin fata a duk rana. Tubearamin bututu ya haɗa famfo da ƙaramin allura da aka saka a cikin fata.
• Rubutun insulin - Maganin insulin da za'a zubar dashi an riga an sanya insulin wanda aka kawo karkashin fata ta amfani da allura mai maye gurbinsa.
• Inhaler - karamin na'urar da zaka yi amfani da shi wajen shakar sinadarin insulin ta bakinka. Ana amfani dashi a farkon abinci.
• Allura tashar jiragen ruwa - an saka wani ɗan gajeren bututu a cikin kayan da ke ƙarƙashin fata. An manne tashar da ke dauke da bututu ta hanyar amfani da tef. An sanya insulin mai saurin aiki a cikin bututun ta hanyar amfani da sirinji ko alkalami. Wannan yana baka damar amfani da wannan shafin na allura na tsawon kwanaki 3 kafin juyawa zuwa sabon shafin.

Kuna iya magana da mai ba ku kiwon lafiya game da abubuwan da kuke so yayin yanke shawara kan hanyar isar da insulin.

An sanya allurar insulin cikin waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon a jiki:

• Ciki
• Hannun sama
• Cinya
• Kwatangwalo

Mai ba ku sabis zai koya muku yadda ake ba da allurar insulin ko amfani da injin insulin ko kuma wata na’ura.

Kuna buƙatar sanin yadda zaka daidaita adadin insulin da kake ɗauka:

• Lokacin da kake motsa jiki
• Lokacin da kake rashin lafiya
• Yaushe zaka ci abinci mai yawa ko kaɗan
• Lokacin da kake tafiya
• Kafin da bayan tiyata

Idan kuna shan insulin, tuntuɓi mai ba ku idan:

• Kuna tsammanin wataƙila kuna buƙatar canza aikin insulin
• Kuna da wasu matsalolin shan insulin
• Sikarin jininka ya yi yawa ko kuma ya yi ƙasa sosai kuma ba ku fahimci dalilin ba

Ciwon sukari - insulin

• Injin insulin
• Tsarin insulin da ciwon sukari

Yanar gizo Associationungiyar Ciwon Suga ta Amurka. Tushen insulin. www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/medication/insulin/insulin-basics.html. An sabunta Yuli 16, 2015. An shiga 14 Satumba, 2018.

Diungiyar Ciwon Suga ta Amurka. 8. Hanyoyin magani don maganin glycemic: Ka'idojin Kula da Lafiya a Ciwon Suga-2018. Ciwon suga. 2018; 41 (Gudanar da 1): S73-S85. PMID: 29222379 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29222379.

Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon Suga da Ciwan narkewar Kiɗa da Koda. Insulin, magunguna, & sauran maganin ciwon suga. www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/insulin-medicines-treatments. An sabunta Nuwamba 2016. Samun damar Satumba 14, 2018.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka. Insulin. www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/WomensHealthTopics/ucm216233.htm. An sabunta Fabrairu 16, 2018. An shiga Satumba 14, 2018.

• Magunguna masu ciwon suga