Ciwan makogwaro ko makogwaro

Ciwon maƙogwaron daji shine cutar sanyin murya, makoshi (akwatin murya), ko sauran wuraren maƙogwaro.

Mutanen da ke shan sigari ko shan taba suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa ta makogwaro. Shan barasa da yawa cikin dogon lokaci shima yana kara hadari. Shan taba da shan giya hade suna haifar da karin kasadar kamuwa da cutar sankarar makogwaro.

Mafi yawan cututtukan daji na makogwaro suna tasowa ne ga manya da suka girmi shekaru 50. Maza sun fi mata saurin kamuwa da cutar sankarar makogwaro.

Kwayar cutar ɗan adam papillomavirus (HPV) (kwayar cutar guda ɗaya da ke haifar da al'aurar mata) asusu ne na adadin cututtukan baka da na makogwaro fiye da da. Wani nau'in HPV, iri na 16 ko HPV-16, an fi alakanta shi da kusan duk cutar sankarar makogwaro.

Kwayar cututtukan daji na makogwaro sun hada da duk wadannan masu zuwa:

• Sautunan numfashi mara kyau (mai girma)
• Tari
• Tari da jini
• Matsalar haɗiyewa
• Bushewar jin sauti da ba ya yin kyau a makonni 3 zuwa 4
• Abun wuya ko kunne
• Ciwon makogoro wanda baya samun sauki cikin makonni 2 zuwa 3, koda da magungunan rigakafi
• Kumburi ko kumburi a wuya
• Rashin nauyi ba saboda rage cin abinci ba

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki. Wannan na iya nuna dunkulewa a wajen wuyan.

Mai ba da sabis na iya duba cikin maƙogwaronka ko hanci ta amfani da bututu mai sassauƙa tare da ƙaramar kyamara a ƙarshen.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya oda sun hada da:

• Biopsy na ake zaton ƙari. Hakanan za'a gwada wannan naman na HPV.
• Kirjin x-ray.
• CT scan na kirji.
• CT scan na kai da wuya.
• MRI na kai ko wuya.
• PET scan.

Manufar magani ita ce kawar da cutar kansa gaba daya da hana ta yaduwa zuwa sauran sassan jiki.

Lokacin da kumburin yake karami, ko dai tiyata ko kuma maganin fida kai kadai ana iya amfani dashi don cire kumburin.

Lokacin da ciwon ya fi girma ko ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin wuyansa, ana amfani da haɗuwa da fitila da kuma maganin ƙwaƙwalwa don adana akwatin murya (ƙwayoyin murya). Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, ana cire akwatin murya. Wannan tiyatar ana kiran sa laryngectomy.

Dogaro da irin nau'in maganin da kuke buƙata, magungunan tallafi waɗanda za'a buƙaci sun haɗa da:

• Maganar magana.
• Far don taimakawa tare da taunawa da haɗiyewa.
• Koyon cin isasshen furotin da adadin kuzari don kiyaye nauyin ku. Tambayi mai ba ku sabis game da kayan abinci mai ruwa wanda zai iya taimakawa.
• Taimako tare da bushe baki.

Kuna iya sauƙaƙa damuwar rashin lafiya ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙungiyar tallafawa kansa.Yin tarayya tare da wasu waɗanda suke da masaniya da matsaloli na yau da kullun na iya taimaka muku kada ku ji ku kaɗai.

Za'a iya warkewar cututtukan makogwaro idan aka gano da wuri. Idan ciwon daji bai yada ba (wanda aka ƙaddara shi) zuwa ga kayan da ke kewaye ko ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin wuyansa, kusan rabin marasa lafiya za a iya warke. Idan cutar kansa ta bazu zuwa sassan lymph da sassan jiki a waje kai da wuya, cutar kansa ba ta da magani. Jiyya na nufin tsawaitawa da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa.

Zai yiwu amma ba a tabbatar da cikakke cewa cututtukan daji waɗanda ke gwada tabbatacce ga HPV na iya samun kyakkyawan hangen nesa ba. Hakanan, mutanen da suka sha taba don ƙasa da shekaru 10 na iya yin kyau.

Bayan jiyya, ana buƙatar far don taimakawa tare da magana da haɗiyewa. Idan mutum baya iya hadiyewa, to ana bukatar bututun ciyarwa.

Haɗarin haɗuwa a cikin ciwon daji na makogwaro shine mafi girma yayin farkon shekaru 2 zuwa 3 na ganewar asali.

Bibiya a kai a kai bayan bincike da magani na da matukar mahimmanci don haɓaka damar rayuwa.

Rarraba na irin wannan ciwon daji na iya haɗawa da:

• Toshewar hanyar jirgin sama
• Matsalar haɗiyewa
• Lalacewar wuya ko fuska
• Taushin fatar wuya
• Rashin murya da iya magana
• Yada cutar kansa zuwa sauran sassan jiki (metastasis)

Kira mai ba da sabis idan:

• Kuna da alamun cutar sankarar makogwaro, musamman ƙarancin sauti ko canjin murya ba tare da wani dalili mai ma'ana wanda zai iya wuce sati 3
• Zaka sami dunkule a wuyanka wanda baya wuce sati 3

Kar ka sha taba ko amfani da sauran taba. Iyakance ko guje wa amfani da giya.

Alurar rigakafin HPV da aka ba da shawarar ga yara da matasa suna ƙaddamar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin HPV waɗanda ke iya haifar da wasu cututtukan kansa da wuya. An nuna su don hana yawancin cututtukan HPV na baka. Ba a bayyana ba tukuna ko su ma suna iya hana kansar makogwaro ko makogwaro.

Ciwon daji na murya; Ciwon makogwaro; Ciwon daji na Laryngeal; Ciwon daji na glottis; Ciwon daji na oropharynx ko hypopharynx; Ciwon daji na tonsils; Ciwon daji na tushe na harshe

• Bushewar baki yayin maganin kansar
• Bakin bakin da wuya - fitarwa
• Matsalar haɗiya

• Gwanin jikin makogwaro
• Oropharynx

Armstrong WB, Vokes DE, Tjoa T, Verma SP. Tumananan ƙwayoyin cuta na maƙogwaro. A cikin: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Ciwon kai da wuya. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: babi na 105.

Lambun AS, Morrison WH. Larynx da hypopharynx ciwon daji. A cikin: Tepper JE, Foote RL, Michalski JM, eds. Gunderson & Tepper na Clinical Radiation Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: babi na 41.

Lorenz RR, Couch ME, Burkey BB. Kai da wuya. A cikin: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Littafin Sabiston na tiyata. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 33.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Nasopharyngeal ciwon daji (babba) (PDQ) - fasalin ƙwararrun masu kiwon lafiya. www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/nasopharyngeal-treatment-pdq. An sabunta Agusta 30, 2019. Iso zuwa Fabrairu 12, 2021.

Rettig E, Gourin CG, Fakhry C. Human papillomavirus da annobar cutar kansa da wuyansa. A cikin: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Ciwon kai da wuya. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: babi na 74.