Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism cuta ce wacce glandon parathyroid a wuyanka ke samar da homon parathyroid da yawa (PTH).

Akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin parathyroid guda 4 a cikin wuya, kusa ko haɗe zuwa gefen bayan glandar thyroid.

Kwayoyin parathyroid suna taimakawa sarrafa alli da cirewa ta jiki. Suna yin wannan ta hanyar samar da kwayar parathyroid (PTH). PTH yana taimakawa sarrafa alli, phosphorus, da bitamin D a cikin jini da ƙashi.

Lokacin da matakin alli yayi ƙasa sosai, jiki yana amsawa ta hanyar yin ƙarin PTH. Wannan yana haifar da matakin alli a cikin jini ya hau.

Lokacin da ɗaya ko fiye na cututtukan parathyroid suka girma, yana haifar da PTH mai yawa. Mafi sau da yawa, dalilin shine mummunan ciwo na gland na parathyroid (parathyroid adenoma). Wadannan cututtukan marasa lafiya suna da yawa kuma suna faruwa ba tare da sanannen sanadi ba.

• Cutar ta fi yawanci ga mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 60, amma kuma tana iya faruwa a cikin ƙuruciya. Hyperparathyroidism a cikin ƙuruciya abu ne mai ban mamaki.
• Mata sun fi kamuwa da cutar fiye da maza.
• Radiation zuwa kai da wuya yana ƙara haɗarin.
• Wasu cututtukan kwayar halitta (endocrine neoplasia I) da yawa sun sanya shi saurin samun hyperparathyroidism.
• A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ake samunsu ba, cutar sanadiyyar sankara ta parathyroid ce.

Yanayin likita wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin alli ko ƙara yawan phosphate na iya haifar da hyperparathyroidism. Yanayi na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Yanayin da ke wahalar da jiki don cire phosphate
• Rashin koda
• Babu isasshen alli a cikin abinci
• Yawancin alli sun ɓace a cikin fitsari
• Rashin lafiyar Vitamin D (na iya faruwa ga yara waɗanda ba sa cin abinci iri-iri, kuma a cikin tsofaffi waɗanda ba su samun isasshen hasken rana a kan fatarsu ko kuma waɗanda ba su shan bitamin D daga abinci kamar bayan tiyatar bariatric)
• Matsalolin shanye abinci daga abinci

Hyperparathyroidism galibi ana bincikar shi ta hanyar gwajin jini na yau da kullun kafin bayyanar cututtuka ta faru.

Kwayar cutar galibi ana haifar da ita ta lalacewar gabobi daga matakin calcium mai yawa a cikin jini, ko kuma asarar alli daga kasusuwa. Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Ciwon ƙashi ko taushi
• Bacin rai da mantuwa
• Jin kasala, rashin lafiya, da rauni
• Kasusuwa masu rauni na gabobin jiki da kashin baya wanda zai iya karyewa cikin sauki
• Amountara yawan fitsarin da ake samarwa da kuma buƙatar yin fitsari sau da yawa
• Dutse na koda
• Tashin zuciya da rashin cin abinci

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamun.

Gwajin da za a iya yi sun hada da:

• PTH gwajin jini
• Gwajin jinin kalsiyamu
• Alkalfin phosphatase
• Phosphorus
• Gwajin fitsari awa 24

Hanyoyin x-rays da ƙananan ma'adinai (DXA) na iya taimakawa gano ƙashin ƙashi, karaya, ko taushin ƙashi.

X-ray, duban dan tayi, ko kuma CT scans na kodan ko urinary tract na iya nuna alamun calcium ko toshewa.

Ana amfani da duban dan tayi ko kuma maganin nukiliya na wuya (sestamibi) don ganin idan wani ciwo mai ciwo (adenoma) a cikin glandon parathyroid yana haifar da hyperparathyroidism.

Idan kana da ƙara ƙarfin ƙwayar alli a hankali kuma ba ka da alamomi, za ka iya zaɓar yin bincike na yau da kullun ko a yi maka magani.

Idan ka yanke shawarar samun magani, zai iya haɗawa da:

• Shan karin ruwa domin hana dutsen mafitsara samu
• Motsa jiki
• Rashin shan wani nau'in kwaya mai suna thiazide diuretic
• Sinadarin estrogen ga matan da suka shiga haila
• Yin tiyata don cire gland

Idan kana da alamomi ko kuma alli ya yi yawa sosai, zaka iya buƙatar tiyata don cire glandon parathyroid wanda ke haɓaka hormone.

Idan kana da hauhawar jini daga yanayin kiwon lafiya, mai bayarwa zai iya bada umarnin bitamin D, idan kana da matakin ƙarancin bitamin D.

Idan hyperparathyroidism yana haifar da gazawar koda, magani na iya haɗawa da:

• Calciumarin alli da bitamin D
• Guje wa phosphate a cikin abinci
• Maganin cinacalcet (Sensipar)
• Dialysis ko dashen koda
• Yin aikin tiyata, idan matakin parathyroid ya zama ba shi da tsari

Outlook ya dogara da dalilin hyperparathyroidism.

Matsaloli na dogon lokaci waɗanda zasu iya faruwa lokacin da ba a sarrafa hyperparathyroidism sosai sun haɗa da:

• Kasusuwa sun zama masu rauni, mara kyau, ko na iya karyewa
• Hawan jini da ciwon zuciya
• Dutse na koda
• Ciwon koda na dogon lokaci

Yin aikin tiyatar gland na Parathyroid zai iya haifar da hypoparathyroidism da lalacewar jijiyoyin da ke kula da igiyar muryar.

Paracalroid mai alaƙa da hypercalcemia; Osteoporosis - hyperparathyroidism; Thinarfafa ƙashi - hyperparathyroidism; Osteopenia - hyperparathyroidism; Babban matakin alli - hyperparathyroidism; Ciwon koda na kullum - hyperparathyroidism; Rashin koda - hyperparathyroidism; Parathyroid mai aiki; Rashin Vitamin D - hyperparathyroidism

• Parathyroid gland

Hollenberg A, Wiersinga WM. Rashin lafiyar Hyperthyroid A cikin: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Littafin Williams na Endocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 12.

Thakker RV. Kwayoyin parathyroid, hypercalcemia da hypocalcemia. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 232.