Tumor

Tumbi wani ciwan jiki ne mara kyau. Tumor na iya zama na kansa (mugu) ko mara ciwo (mara kyau).

Gabaɗaya, ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi suna faruwa yayin da ƙwayoyin suka rarraba kuma suka yi girma a cikin jiki. A yadda aka saba, jiki yana sarrafa haɓakar sel da rarrabuwa. An ƙirƙiri sababbin ƙwayoyi don maye gurbin tsofaffi ko kuma yin sababbin ayyuka. Kwayoyin da suka lalace ko kuma ba a buƙatar su ba sun mutu don ba da dama don maye gurbin lafiya.

Idan aka daidaita daidaituwar girman kwayar halitta da mutuwa, ƙari zai iya haifar.

Matsaloli tare da garkuwar jiki na iya haifar da ciwace-ciwace. Taba tana haifar da yawan mace-mace daga cutar kansa fiye da duk wani abu mai kare muhalli. Sauran abubuwan haɗarin cutar kansa sun haɗa da:

• Benzene da sauran sunadarai da gubobi
• Shan giya da yawa
• Guba ta muhalli, kamar wasu namomin kaza masu guba da wani nau'in dafi wanda zai iya girma akan tsire-tsire na gyada (aflatoxins)
• Haskakawar hasken rana
• Matsalolin kwayar halitta
• Kiba
• Bayyanar iska
• Useswayoyin cuta

Nau'o'in ciwace-ciwacen da aka sani sanadinsu ko kuma haɗasu da ƙwayoyin cuta sune:

• Burkitt lymphoma (Epstein-Barr cutar)
• Ciwon mahaifa (ɗan adam papillomavirus)
• Mafi yawan cututtukan daji (ɗan adam papillomavirus)
• Wasu cututtukan daji na makogwaro, gami da laushi mai laushi, gindin harshe da tumbi (ɗan adam papillomavirus)
• Wasu cututtukan farji, na mara, da na azzakari (ɗan adam papillomavirus)
• Wasu cututtukan hanta (hepatitis B da hepatitis C virus)
• Kaposi sarcoma (cututtukan cututtukan mutum 8)
• Adult T-cell cutar sankarar bargo / lymphoma (ɗan adam T-lymphotropic virus-1)
• Cutar carcinoma ta Merkel (ƙwayar kwayar cutar polyoma ta Merkel)
• Nasopharyngeal ciwon daji (Epstein-Barr virus)

Wasu ciwace ciwace sunfi kowa a cikin jinsi daya akan daya. Wasu sunfi yawa tsakanin yara ko manya. Sauran suna da alaƙa da abinci, yanayi, da tarihin iyali.

Kwayar cututtukan sun dogara da nau'in da wurin da ƙari yake. Misali, cututtukan huhu na iya haifar da tari, rashin numfashi, ko ciwon kirji. Tumun kansar na iya haifar da raunin nauyi, gudawa, maƙarƙashiya, ƙarancin baƙin ƙarfe, da jini a cikin kujerun.

Wasu ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi na iya haifar da wata alama. Sauran, kamar su ciwon hanji ko cutar sankara, KADA KUNA haifar da alamomi har sai cutar ta kai matakin ci gaba.

Wadannan alamun na iya faruwa tare da ciwace-ciwacen daji:

• Zazzabi ko sanyi
• Gajiya
• Rashin ci
• Zufar dare
• Rage nauyi
• Jin zafi

Mai kula da lafiyar ku na iya ganin ƙari, kamar fata ko cutar kansa ta baki. Amma yawancin cututtukan daji ba za a iya ganin su yayin gwaji ba saboda suna cikin cikin jiki.

Lokacin da aka samo ƙari, an cire wani ɓangaren nama kuma a bincika shi ta hanyar microscope. Wannan shi ake kira biopsy. Anyi shi ne don tantancewa idan kumburin ya zama mara ciwo (mara kyau) ko mai cutar kansa (mugu). Dogaro da wurin dajin yake, biopsy na iya zama hanya mai sauƙi ko aiki mai tsanani.

CT ko MRI na iya taimakawa wajen gano ainihin wurin da kumburin yake da kuma yadda ya yadu. Wani gwajin hoto da ake kira positron emission tomography (PET) ana amfani dashi don gano wasu nau'o'in ƙari.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• Gwajin jini
• Kwayar kasusuwa na kasusuwa (mafi yawan lokuta don lymphoma ko cutar sankarar bargo)
• Kirjin x-ray
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Gwajin aikin hanta

Jiyya ya bambanta dangane da:

• Nau'in ƙari
• Ko cutar kansa ce
• Matsayi na ƙari

Kila ba ku buƙatar magani idan ƙari shine:

• Ba da kwanciya ba (mara kyau)
• A cikin "aminci" yankin inda ba zai haifar da bayyanar cututtuka ko matsaloli game da yadda kwayar halitta take aiki ba

Wasu lokuta za a iya cire kumburi mara kyau don dalilai na kwalliya ko don inganta alamomin. Za a iya cire cututtukan da ke kusa ko a cikin kwakwalwa saboda wurin su ko kuma illa mai lahani ga ƙwayar ƙwayar kwakwalwa ta yau da kullun.

Idan ƙari ƙari ne, yiwuwar jiyya na iya haɗawa da:

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation
• Tiyata
• Ciwon daji na niyya
• Immunotherapy
• Sauran hanyoyin magancewa

Binciken cutar kansa yakan haifar da damuwa mai yawa kuma zai iya shafar rayuwar mutum gaba ɗaya. Akwai albarkatu da yawa ga masu cutar kansa.

Hangen nesa ya bambanta ƙwarai ga nau'o'in ciwace-ciwace. Idan ƙari ba shi da kyau, yanayin gaba ɗaya yana da kyau ƙwarai. Amma wani ciwo mai ciwo a wasu lokuta na iya haifar da matsala mai tsanani, kamar a ciki ko kusa da kwakwalwa.

Idan ƙari yana da cutar kansa, sakamakon ya dogara da nau'i da matakin kumburin lokacin ganewar asali. Wasu cututtukan daji na iya warkewa. Wasu da ba za a iya warkewa ba har yanzu ana iya magance su, kuma mutane na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru tare da cutar kansa. Har yanzu wasu ciwace-ciwacen suna saurin barazanar rayuwa.

Mass; Neoplasm

Burstein E. Ci gaban salula da neoplasia. A cikin: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger da Cututtukan Cutar hanta da na Fordtran. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: babi na 1.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Alamomin cutar kansa. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/symptoms. An sabunta Mayu 16, 2019. An shiga Yuli 12, 2020.

Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF. Ciwon daji na gado da kwayoyin halitta. A cikin: Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF, eds. Thompson & Thompson Genetics a Magunguna. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 15.

Park BH. Ciwon daji na ilimin halitta da halittar jini. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 171.