Cutar sankarau

Encephalitis shine haushi da kumburi (kumburi) na kwakwalwa, galibi saboda cututtuka.

Encephalitis wani yanayi ne mai wuya. Yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa kuma yana raguwa da shekaru. Theananan yara da manya suna iya samun matsala mai tsanani.

Cutar Encephalitis galibi ana kamuwa da ita ne ta kwayar cuta. Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da shi.Bayyanawa na iya faruwa ta hanyar:

• Numfashi cikin digo daga hanci, baki, ko maƙogwaro daga mai cutar
• Gurbataccen abinci ko abin sha
• Sauro, kaska, da sauran cizon kwari
• Saduwa da fata

Kwayoyin cuta daban-daban na faruwa a wurare daban-daban. Yawancin lokuta suna faruwa yayin wani lokacin.

Cutar Encephalitis da cutar ta herpes simplex ta haifar ita ce kan gaba wajen haifar da mummunan yanayi a cikin dukkan shekaru, ciki har da jarirai.

Alurar riga-kafi na yau da kullun ya rage encephalitis saboda wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da:

• Kyanda
• Pswazo
• Polio
• Rabies
• Rubella
• Varicella (cutar kaza)

Sauran kwayoyin cutar da ke haifar da cutar kwakwalwa sun hada da:

• Adenovirus
• Coxsackievirus
• Cytomegalovirus
• Gabashin equine encephalitis virus
• Echovirus
• Hankalin Japan, wanda ke faruwa a Asiya
• Yammacin cutar

Bayan kwayar ta shiga jiki, sai kwakwalwar ta kumbura. Wannan kumburin na iya lalata ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, kuma ya haifar da zub da jini a cikin kwakwalwa da lalacewar kwakwalwa.

Sauran dalilan encephalitis na iya haɗawa da:

• Rashin lafiyar rashin lafiyan
• Cutar autoimmune
• Kwayar cuta kamar su cutar Lyme, syphilis, da tarin fuka
• Parasites kamar su zagayawar ciki, cysticercosis, da toxoplasmosis a cikin mutanen da ke ɗauke da kwayar cutar HIV / AIDS da sauran mutanen da ke da rauni a garkuwar jiki
• Illolin cutar kansa

Wasu mutane na iya samun alamun cututtukan sanyi ko na ciki kafin alamomin encephalitis su fara.

Lokacin da wannan kamuwa da cuta ba mai tsanani bane, alamun cutar na iya zama kamar na sauran cututtuka:

• Zazzabi wanda ba shi da yawa
• Ciwon kai mai sauki
• Energyaramar ƙarfi da ƙarancin abinci

Sauran cututtukan sun hada da:

• Rashin hankali, tafiya mara ƙarfi
• Rikicewa, rikicewa
• Bacci
• Jin haushi ko rashin saurin fushi
• Hasken haske
• Neckara wuya da baya (wani lokacin)
• Amai

Kwayar cututtukan cututtuka a cikin jarirai sabbin yara da ƙananansu yara bazai zama mai sauƙin ganewa ba:

• Starfin jiki
• Jin haushi da kuka sau da yawa (waɗannan alamun na iya zama mafi muni lokacin da aka ɗauki jariri)
• Rashin ciyarwa
• Taushi mai laushi a saman kai na iya kara fitowa
• Amai

Alamun gaggawa:

• Rashin sani, rashin saurin amsawa, wawanci, suma
• Raunin jijiyoyi ko nakasa jiki
• Kamawa
• Tsananin ciwon kai
• Canji ba zato ba tsammani a cikin ayyukan hankali, kamar su yanayin kwanciyar hankali, lalataccen hukunci, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ko kuma rashin sha'awar ayyukan yau da kullun

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamun.

Gwajin da za a iya yi sun hada da:

• Brain MRI
• CT scan na kai
• Oididdigar -aukar hoto ɗaya mai ɗaukar hoto (SPECT)
• Al'adar kwayar halitta (CSF), jini, ko fitsari (duk da haka, wannan gwajin ba shi da amfani sosai)
• Kayan lantarki (EEG)
• Lumbar huda da jarrabawar CSF
• Gwajin da ke gano ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa ƙwayar cuta (gwajin serology)
• Gwajin da ke gano ƙananan ƙwayoyin DNA (ƙwayar polymerase sarkar amsa - PCR)

Manufofin magani shine samar da kulawa mai taimako (hutawa, abinci mai gina jiki, ruwaye) don taimakawa jiki yaƙar kamuwa da cutar, da kuma sauƙaƙe alamomin.

Magunguna na iya haɗawa da:

• Magungunan rigakafin cutar, idan kwayar cuta ta haifar da kamuwa da cutar
• Magungunan rigakafi, idan kwayoyin cuta ne sanadi
• Magungunan kare kai don hana kamuwa
• Steroid don rage kumburin kwakwalwa
• Magungunan kwantar da hankali don rashin haushi ko rashin natsuwa
• Acetaminophen don zazzabi da ciwon kai

Idan aikin kwakwalwa yana da matukar tasiri, za a iya buƙatar maganin jiki da maganin magana bayan an shawo kan kamuwa da cutar.

Sakamakon ya bambanta. Wasu lamura suna da sauki kuma gajere, kuma mutumin ya warke sarai. Sauran lokuta suna da tsanani, kuma matsaloli na dindindin ko mutuwa mai yiwuwa ne.

Matsayi mai mahimmanci yakan kasance na sati 1 zuwa 2. Zazzabi da alamomi sannu a hankali ko kwatsam. Wasu mutane na iya ɗaukar watanni da yawa kafin su warke sarai.

Lalacewar kwakwalwa na dindindin na iya faruwa a cikin mawuyacin hali na cutar ƙwaƙwalwa. Zai iya shafar:

• Ji
• Orywaƙwalwar ajiya
• Kulawar tsoka
• Abin mamaki
• Jawabi
• Gani

Jeka dakin gaggawa ko kira lambar gaggawa ta gida (kamar 911) idan kana da:

• Kwatsam zazzabi
• Sauran cututtukan encephalitis

Yara da manya su guji hulɗa da duk wanda ke da cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

Kula da sauro (cizon sauro na iya yada wasu ƙwayoyin cuta) na iya rage damar wasu cututtukan da za su iya haifar da encephalitis.

• Aiwatar da maganin kwari da ke dauke da sinadarin, DEET idan za ku fita waje (amma KADA ku yi amfani da samfuran DEET a kan jarirai ƙasa da watanni 2).
• Cire duk wasu hanyoyin samun ruwan tsaye (kamar tsofaffin tayoyi, gwangwani, magudanan ruwa, da kuma wuraren waha).
• Sanya manyan riguna masu dogon hannu da wando idan ana waje, musamman da yamma.

Yara da manya yakamata suyi rigakafin yau da kullun don ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya haifar da encephalitis. Ya kamata mutane su karɓi takamaiman alurar rigakafi idan suna tafiya zuwa wurare irin su ɓangarorin Asiya, inda ake samun ƙwaƙwalwar Japan.

Dabbobin rigakafi don hana encephalitis da kwayar cutar kumburi ta haifar.

• Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - fitarwa

Bloch KC, Glaser CA, Tunkel AR. Cutar sankarau da myelitis. A cikin: Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM, eds. Cututtuka masu yaduwa. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 20.

Bronstein DE, Glaser CA. Cutar sankarau da cutar sankarau. A cikin: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. Feigin da Cherry's Littafin rubutu na cututtukan cututtukan yara. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 36.

Lissauer T, Carroll W. Kamuwa da cuta da rigakafi. A cikin: Lissauer T, Carroll W, eds. Littafin rubutu na likitan yara. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 15.