Harshen harshe a cikin yara

Rikicin yare a cikin yara yana nufin matsaloli tare da ɗayan waɗannan masu zuwa:

• Fahimtar ma'anarsu ko sakonsu zuwa ga wasu (rikicewar harshe mai ma'ana)
• Fahimtar sakon da ke zuwa daga wasu (rikicewar harshe mai karɓa)

Yaran da ke fama da larurar yare suna iya samar da sauti, kuma ana iya fahimtar maganarsu.

Ga mafi yawan jarirai da yara, yare yana haɓaka ta asali tun daga haihuwa. Don haɓaka harshe, yaro dole ne ya iya ji, gani, fahimta, da tuna abubuwa. Yara ma dole ne su sami ƙarfin jiki don ƙirƙirar magana.

Kusan 1 cikin kowane yara 20 suna da alamun cutar rashin harshe. Lokacin da ba a san abin da ke haddasa shi ba, ana kiransa rikicewar harshe na ci gaba.

Matsaloli tare da karɓaɓɓun ƙwarewar harshe galibi suna farawa ne tun kafin su kai shekaru 4. Wasu rikice-rikicen yare suna haifar da rauni ne ga ƙwaƙwalwa. Wadannan yanayi wasu lokuta ba a gano su a matsayin rikicewar ci gaba.

Rikicin harshe na iya faruwa a cikin yara da ke da wasu matsalolin ci gaba, rashin daidaiton bambance-bambance, rashin jin magana, da nakasa karatu. Hakanan za'a iya haifar da rikicewar harshe ta lalacewar tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, wanda ake kira aphasia.

Rikicin harshe ba safai yake haifar da rashin hankali ba.

Rikicin harshe ya bambanta da jinkirin yare. Tare da jinkirta yare, yaro yana haɓaka magana da yare daidai da na sauran yara, amma daga baya. A cikin rikicewar harshe, magana da yare ba su ci gaba daidai. Yaron na iya samun wasu ƙwarewar yare, amma ba wasu ba. Ko kuma, hanyar da waɗannan ƙwarewar ke haɓaka zai bambanta da yadda aka saba.

Yaron da ke fama da rikicewar harshe na iya samun ɗaya ko biyu daga cikin alamun da aka jera a ƙasa, ko kuma yawancin alamun. Kwayar cutar na iya zama daga mara nauyi zuwa mai tsanani.

Yaran da ke fama da rikicewar harshe suna da wahalar fahimtar harshe. Suna iya samun:

• Lokaci mai wuya fahimtar abin da wasu mutane suka faɗa
• Matsaloli bin umarnin da aka yi musu magana
• Matsaloli tsara tunaninsu

Yaran da ke da matsalar rashin fahimtar harshen suna da matsala ta amfani da yare don bayyana abin da suke tunani ko buƙata. Waɗannan yara na iya:

• Yi wahalar haɗa kalmomi a cikin jumloli, ko jumlolinsu na iya zama masu sauƙi da gajere kuma ana iya kashe umarnin kalmar
• Samun matsala wajen gano kalmomin da suka dace yayin magana, kuma galibi amfani da kalmomin wurin zama kamar "um"
• Yi kalmomin da ke ƙasa da matakin sauran yara masu shekaru ɗaya
• Bar kalmomi daga jimloli lokacin magana
• Yi amfani da wasu jimloli sau da yawa, kuma maimaita sassan (amsa kuwwa) ko duk tambayoyi
• Yi amfani da lokaci (na da, na yanzu, na nan gaba) yadda bai dace ba

Saboda matsalolin yarensu, waɗannan yaran na iya samun matsala a tsarin zamantakewar su. Wasu lokuta, rikicewar harshe na iya zama wani ɓangare na dalilin manyan matsalolin ɗabi'a.

Tarihin likita na iya bayyana cewa yaron yana da dangi na kusa waɗanda suma suna da matsalar magana da yare.

Duk yaron da ake tsammanin yana da wannan cuta na iya samun daidaitaccen gwajin magana da harshe. Mai magana da ilimin harshe ko likitan ƙwaƙwalwa zai gudanar da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen.

Har ila yau, ya kamata a yi gwajin ji da ake kira audiometry don kaucewa rashin jin magana, wanda hakan na daya daga cikin dalilan da ke haifar da matsalar harshe.

Maganganu da gyaran harshe shine mafi kyawun hanyar magance irin wannan matsalar ta yare.

Nasiha, kamar maganin maganganu, ana kuma ba da shawarar saboda yiwuwar matsalolin motsin rai ko na ɗabi'a.

Sakamakon ya bambanta, dangane da dalilin. Raunin kwakwalwa ko wasu matsalolin tsarin gabaɗaya suna da sakamako mara kyau, wanda yaro zai sami matsaloli na dogon lokaci tare da yare. Sauran, mafi yawan dalilan da za'a iya jujjuya su za'a iya magance su yadda ya kamata.

Yaran da yawa waɗanda ke da matsalar harshe a lokacin makarantar sakandare suma za su sami wasu matsaloli na yare ko matsalar koyo daga baya a yarinta. Hakanan suna iya samun matsalar karatu.

Understandingwarewar fahimta da amfani da yare na iya haifar da matsala tare da hulɗar zamantakewar jama'a da ikon yin aiki kai tsaye a matsayin babba.

Karatun na iya zama matsala.

Bacin rai, damuwa, da sauran matsalolin motsin rai ko ɗabi'a na iya rikitar da rikicewar harshe.

Iyayen da suka damu da cewa an jinkirta magana ko yare don ya ga likitan ɗansu. Tambayi game da samun miƙa zuwa ga masanin magana da yare.

Yaran da suka kamu da wannan larurar na iya buƙatar ganin likitan jijiya ko ƙwararren ci gaban yara don sanin ko za a iya magance dalilin.

Kira likitan ɗanka idan ka ga waɗannan alamun da ke nuna cewa ɗanka ba ya fahimtar yare da kyau:

• A watanni 15, baya kallon ko nuna mutane 5 zuwa 10 ko abubuwa lokacin da mahaifi ko mai kulawa suka sanya musu suna
• A watanni 18, baya bin sauƙaƙan kwatance, kamar "samo rigarka"
• A watanni 24, baya iya nuna hoto ko wani sashi na jiki lokacin da aka sanya masa suna
• A watanni 30, baya amsawa da babbar murya ko girgizawa ko girgiza kai da yin tambayoyi
• A watanni 36, baya bin umarnin mataki-2, kuma baya fahimtar kalmomin aiki

Hakanan kira idan kun lura da waɗannan alamun cewa yaronku baya amfani ko bayyana harshe da kyau:

• A watanni 15, baya amfani da kalmomi uku
• A watanni 18, ba ana cewa, "Mama," "Dada," ko wasu sunaye ba
• A watanni 24, baya amfani da aƙalla kalmomi 25
• A watanni 30, baya amfani da jimloli biyu-biyu, gami da jimloli wadanda suka hada da suna da kuma aikatau
• A watanni 36, bashi da aƙalla kalmomin kalma 200, baya tambayar abubuwa da suna, daidai maimaita tambayoyin da wasu ke magana, harshe ya koma baya (ya zama mafi muni), ko kuma baya amfani da cikakkun jimloli
• A watanni 48, galibi ana amfani da kalmomi ba daidai ba ko amfani da kama ko kalmar da ta dace maimakon madaidaiciyar kalma

Ci gaban aphasia; Ci gaban dysphasia; Yaren da aka jinkirta; Takamaiman rikicewar harshe na ci gaba; SLI; Sadarwa ta rikice - rikicewar harshe

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Harshe da maganganun maganganu a cikin yara. www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/language-disorders.html. An sabunta Maris 9, 2020. An shiga August 21, 2020.

Simms MD. Ci gaban harshe da matsalar sadarwa. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 52.

Trauner DA, Nass RD. Ci gaban harshe. A cikin: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, eds. Swaiman's Neurology na Yara: Ka'idoji da Ayyuka. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 53.