Ciwon kansar huhu mara karama

Ciwon kanjamau wanda ba ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ba shine mafi yawan sankara na huhu na huhu. Yawanci yana girma kuma yana yaɗuwa a hankali fiye da ƙananan kansar huhu.

Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta huhu guda huɗu (NSCLC):

• Adenocarcinomas galibi ana samunsu a cikin wani ɓangaren waje na huhu.
• Ana samun yawancin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a tsakiyar huhu kusa da bututun iska (bronchus).
• Babban carcinomas cell na iya faruwa a kowane ɓangare na huhu.
• Akwai wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan cutar sankarar huhu waɗanda ake kira ba ƙarami ba.

Shan taba yana haifar da mafi yawan lokuta (kusan 90%) na ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na huhu. Haɗarin ya dogara da yawan sigarin da kuke sha a kowace rana da kuma tsawon lokacin da kuka sha sigarin. Kasancewa kusa da hayakin wasu mutane (hayakin hayaki) shima yana haifar da haɗarin cutar kansa ta huhu. Amma wasu mutanen da basu taba shan taba ba suna kamuwa da cutar sankarar huhu.

Bincike ya nuna cewa shan sigari na iya taimaka wa ƙwayoyin kansar su girma. Amma babu wata hanya ta kai tsaye tsakanin shan wiwi da ciwan kansa na huhu.

Bayyanar da kai tsaye ga manyan matakan gurɓatacciyar iska da ruwan sha wanda ke da babban matakin arsenic na iya ƙara haɗarin cutar kansa ta huhu. Tarihin maganin fuka-fuka ga huhu na iya ƙara haɗari.

Yin aiki tare ko zama kusa da sunadarai masu haddasa cutar kansa ko kayan aiki na iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa ta huhu. Irin waɗannan sunadarai sun haɗa da:

• Asbestos
• Radon
  
• Sinadarai irin su uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, kayayyakin kwal, mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, fetur, da kuma dizal shaye
• Wasu gami, zane-zane, launuka masu launi, da abubuwan adana abubuwa
• Samfurai masu amfani da chloride da formaldehyde

Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Ciwon kirji
• Tari wanda baya tafiya
• Tari da jini
• Gajiya
• Rashin ci
• Rashin nauyi ba tare da gwadawa ba
• Rashin numfashi
• Hanzari
• Jin zafi lokacin da ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki

Ciwon daji na huhu na farko bazai iya haifar da wata alama ba.

Sauran alamun cututtukan da ke iya zama saboda NSCLC, galibi a ƙarshen matakan:

• Ciwon ƙashi ko taushi
• Fatar ido na faduwa
• Sandarewa ko sauya murya
• Hadin gwiwa
• Matsalolin ƙusa
• Hadiyar wahala
• Kumburin fuska
• Rashin ƙarfi
• Kafadar kafaɗa ko rauni

Wadannan alamun na iya zama saboda wasu, yanayin da ba su da haɗari. Yana da mahimmanci a yi magana da mai ba da lafiyar ku idan kuna da alamomi.

Mai ba da sabis ɗin zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya yi tambaya game da tarihin lafiyarku. Za a tambaye ku idan kun sha taba, kuma idan haka ne, yawan shan taba da kuma tsawon lokacin da kuka sha taba. Za a kuma tambaye ku game da wasu abubuwan da wataƙila sun sa ku cikin haɗarin cutar kansa ta huhu, kamar bayyanar da wasu sinadarai.

Gwaje-gwajen da za a iya yi don tantance kansar huhu ko ganin ya bazu sun haɗa da:

• Binciken kashi
• Kirjin x-ray
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• CT scan na kirji
• MRI na kirji
• Positron watsi tomography (PET) scan
• Gwajin Sputum don neman ƙwayoyin kansa
• Thoracentesis (samfurin samar da ruwa a kusa da huhu)

A mafi yawan lokuta, ana cire wani yanki daga huhunka don bincikawa ta hanyar microscope. Wannan shi ake kira biopsy. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin wannan:

• Bronchoscopy hade da biopsy
• CT-scan-directed allurar biopsy
• Endoscopic esophageal duban dan tayi (EUS) tare da biopsy
• Mediastinoscopy tare da biopsy
• Bude kwayar halittar huhu
• Biopsy na jin dadi

Idan biopsy ya nuna kansa, ana yin gwajin hoto don gano matakin kansar. Mataki yana nufin yadda girman kumburin yake da yadda ya faɗi. NSCLC ya kasu kashi biyar:

• Mataki na 0 - Ciwon daji bai bazu ba bayan rufin ciki na huhu.
• Mataki na 1 - Ciwon kansa karami ne kuma bai yadu ba zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph.
• Mataki na II - Ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa wasu ƙwayoyin lymph kusa da asalin tumo.
• Mataki na III - Ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa kayan da ke kusa ko zuwa narkakkun wuraren ɓoye.
• Mataki na IV - Ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa sauran gabobin jiki, kamar su huhun huhu, ƙwaƙwalwa, ko hanta.

Akwai nau'ikan magani iri-iri don NSCLC. Jiyya ya dogara da matakin kansar.

Yin aikin tiyata magani ne na yau da kullun don NSCLC wanda ba yaɗuwa fiye da ƙwayoyin lymph na kusa. Likita na iya cirewa:

• Ofaya daga cikin lobes na huhu (lobectomy)
• Aramin ɓangaren huhun ne kawai (cire ko cirewar yanki)
• Dukkan huhu (ciwon huhu)

Wasu mutane suna buƙatar chemotherapy. Chemotherapy yana amfani da kwayoyi don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa da kuma dakatar da sababbin ƙwayoyin daga girma. Za a iya yin jiyya ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:

• Ana amfani da Chemotherapy kadai yayin da ciwon daji ya bazu a wajen huhu (mataki na huɗu).
• Hakanan za'a iya ba shi kafin aikin tiyata ko haskakawa don sa waɗancan jiyya suyi tasiri. Ana kiran wannan aikin neoadjuvant far.
• Ana iya bayar da shi bayan tiyata don kashe duk wata cutar kansa. Wannan shi ake kira adjuvant therapy.
• Chemotherapy yawanci ana bayar dashi ta jijiya (ta hanyar IV). Ko kuma, ana iya bayar da shi ta hanyar ƙwayoyi.

Kula da bayyanar cututtuka da hana rikitarwa a lokacin da bayan chemotherapy wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na kulawa.

Immunotherapy shine sabon nau'in magani wanda za'a iya bayarwa ta kansa ko tare da chemotherapy.

Za a iya amfani da maganin da aka yi niyya don magance NSCLC. Target ɗin da aka yi niyya yana amfani da kwayoyi ba komai a kan takamaiman manufa (kwayoyin) a cikin ko kan ƙwayoyin kansa. Waɗannan maƙasudin suna taka rawa game da yadda ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ke girma da rayuwa. Amfani da waɗannan maƙasudin, maganin yana lalata ƙwayoyin cutar kansa don haka baza su iya yaɗuwa ba.

Za'a iya amfani da maganin kashe hasken rana tare da chemotherapy idan tiyata ba zai yiwu ba. Radiation radiation yana amfani da x-haskoki mai ƙarfi ko wasu nau'ikan radiation don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Za'a iya amfani da radiation don:

• Bi da ciwon daji, tare da chemotherapy, idan tiyata ba zai yiwu ba
• Taimaka don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka da cutar kansa ta haifar, kamar matsalolin numfashi da kumburi
• Taimaka wajan magance cutar kansa lokacin da cutar ta bazu zuwa ƙasusuwa

Kula da bayyanar cututtuka a lokacin da bayan radiation zuwa kirji wani muhimmin bangare ne na kulawa.

Magunguna masu zuwa ana amfani dasu galibi don taimakawa bayyanar cututtukan da NSCLC ta haifar:

• Maganin Laser - bean ƙaramin katako na haske yana ƙonewa yana kashe ƙwayoyin kansa.
• Photodynamic therapy - Yana amfani da haske don kunna magani a cikin jiki, wanda ke kashe ƙwayoyin kansa.

Kuna iya sauƙaƙa damuwar rashin lafiya ta shiga ƙungiyar tallafi. Yin tarayya tare da wasu waɗanda suke da masaniya da matsaloli na yau da kullun na iya taimaka muku kada ku ji ku kaɗai.

Hangen nesa ya bambanta. Mafi yawanci, NSCLC tana ƙaruwa a hankali. A wasu lokuta, yana iya girma da yaɗuwa da sauri kuma yana haifar da saurin mutuwa. Ciwon kansa na iya yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki, da suka hada da kashi, hanta, karamin hanji, da kwakwalwa.

Chemotherapy an nuna shi don tsawanta rayuwa da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa a cikin wasu mutane da matakin IV NSCLC.

Hanyoyin warkarwa suna da dangantaka da matakin cuta da kuma ko zaka iya yin tiyata.

• Matakan I da II masu cutar kansa suna da mafi girman rayuwa da darajar magani.
• Ana iya warkewar cutar sankara ta III a wasu yanayi.
• Matsayi na huɗar cutar kansa wanda ya dawo kusan ba a taɓa warkewa ba. Manufofin far shine haɓakawa da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa.

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kuna da alamun cutar sankarar huhu, musamman idan kuna shan sigari.

Idan kana shan sigari, yanzu lokaci yayi da zaka daina. Idan kana fuskantar matsalar dainawa, yi magana da mai baka. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don taimaka maka ka daina, daga ƙungiyoyin tallafi zuwa magungunan likita. Hakanan, yi ƙoƙarin guje wa shan sigari.

Idan ka wuce shekaru 55 da shan sigari ko amfani da sigari a cikin shekaru goman da suka gabata, yi magana da mai baka game da yin gwajin kansar huhu. Don samun kariya, kana buƙatar samun hoton CT na kirji.

Ciwon daji - huhu - ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta; Ciwon kansar huhu wanda ba ƙarami ba; NSCLC; Adenocarcinoma - huhu; Amwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta - huhu; Babban ƙwayar carcinoma - huhu

• Ruwan kirji - fitarwa
• Tiyatar huhu - fitarwa

• Huhu
• Shan taba sigari da cutar huhu

Araujo LH, Horn L, Merritt RE, Shilo K, Xu-Welliver M, Carbone DP. Ciwon huhu na huhu: ƙananan ƙwayoyin huhu da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff na Clinical Oncology. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 69.

Ettinger DS, Wood DE, Aggarwal C, et al. Ka'idodin NCCN sun fahimta: ƙananan ƙananan ciwon huhu, sigar 1.2020. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2019; 17 (12): 1464-1472. PMID: 31805526. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31805526/.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Kulawa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na huhu (PDQ) - fasalin ƙwararrun masu kiwon lafiya. www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq.kauna An sabunta Mayu 7, 2020. An shiga cikin Yuli 13, 2020.

Silvestri GA, Pastis NJ, Tanner NT, Jett JR. Hanyoyin asibiti na ciwon huhu. A cikin: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Littafin Murray da Nadel na Magungunan numfashi. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 53.