Bicuspid aortic bawul

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) bawul ne na aortic wanda yanada yan takardu guda biyu, maimakon uku.

Bawul din aortic yana daidaita saurin jini daga zuciya zuwa cikin aorta. Aorta shine babban jijiyoyin jini wanda ke kawo jini mai wadataccen oxygen a jiki.

Bakin bawul yana barin jini mai wadataccen oxygen ya gudana daga zuciya zuwa aorta. Yana hana jini dawowa daga aorta zuwa cikin zuciya lokacin da bangaren yin famfo ya sassauta.

BAV yana nan lokacin haihuwa (na haihuwa). Wani bawul na aortic bawul yana tasowa yayin farkon makonnin ciki, lokacin da zuciyar jariri ke bunkasa. Dalilin wannan matsalar ba a bayyane yake ba, amma ita ce mafi yawan cututtukan zuciya da ake haifarwa. BAV yakan gudana a cikin dangi.

BAV bazai da cikakken tasiri a dakatar da jini daga sake dawowa cikin zuciya. Ana kiran wannan zubarwar aortic regurgitation. Bakin aortic shima zai iya zama mai tauri kuma baya budewa. Wannan shi ake kira aortic stenosis, wanda ke sa zuciya yin ƙarfi fiye da yadda aka saba don samun jini ta bawul. Aorta na iya fadada da wannan yanayin.

BAV ya fi dacewa tsakanin maza fiye da mata.

BAV yakan kasance a cikin jarirai tare da haɓakar aorta (taƙaitawar aorta). Ana kuma ganin BAV a cikin cututtukan da suke toshewar jini a gefen hagu na zuciya.

Yawancin lokaci, ba a bincikar BAV a cikin jarirai ko yara saboda ba ya haifar da alamun bayyanar. Koyaya, bawul ɗin da ba al'ada ba na iya zubewa ko zama mai ƙuntataccen lokaci.

Kwayar cututtuka irin wannan rikitarwa na iya haɗawa da:

• Tayaron yara ko na yara cikin sauki
• Ciwon kirji
• Rashin numfashi
• Saurin bugun zuciya da rashin tsari (bugun zuciya)
• Rashin sani (suma)
• Fata mai haske

Idan jariri yana da wasu matsalolin zuciya na haihuwa, suna iya haifar da alamomin da zasu haifar da gano BAV.

Yayin gwaji, mai ba da kiwon lafiya na iya samo alamun BAV gami da:

• Fadada zuciya
• Zuciyar zuciya
• Pularfin rauni a cikin wuyan hannu da idon sawu

Gwajin da za'a iya yin oda sun hada da:

• MRI, wanda ke ba da cikakken hoto na zuciya
• Echocardiogram, wanda duban dan tayi ne wanda yake kallon sifofin zuciya da jini ke gudana a cikin zuciya

Idan mai ba da sabis yana zargin rikitarwa ko ƙarin lahani na zuciya, wasu gwaje-gwajen na iya haɗawa da:

• Kirjin x-ray
• Electrocardiogram (ECG), wanda ke auna aikin lantarki na zuciya
• Cardiac catheterization, wani tsari ne wanda ake saka siraran bakin ciki (catheter) a cikin zuciya don ganin gudan jini da ɗaukar matakan mizanin karfin jini da matakan oxygen.
• MRA, MRI wanda ke amfani da fenti don duba jijiyoyin zuciya

Jariri ko yaro na iya buƙatar tiyata don gyara ko maye gurbin malalo ko kunkuntar bawul, idan rikitarwa sun yi tsanani.

Hakanan za'a iya buɗe valveuntataccen bawul ta hanyar haɓakar zuciya. Kyakkyawan bututu (catheter) an shiryar da shi zuwa ga zuciya da kuma zuwa cikin matsatsiyar hanyar buɗe bawul na aortic. Ana kumbura balan-balan da aka haɗe a ƙarshen bututun don yin buɗewar bawul ɗin ya fi girma.

A cikin manya, lokacin da bawul din bicuspid ya zama mai zubewa sosai ko kuma ya taƙaita sosai, yana iya buƙatar maye gurbinsa.

Wani lokacin kuma aorta na iya bukatar gyara idan ta zama ta yi fadi sosai ko kuma ta zama matsattse.

Ana iya buƙatar magani don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka ko hana rikitarwa. Magunguna na iya haɗawa da:

• Magungunan da ke rage nauyin aiki a zuciya (beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors)
• Magunguna waɗanda ke sa ƙwayar tsoka ta zuciya ta zama da wuya (wakilan inotropic)
• Magungunan ruwa (diuretics)

Yaya lafiyar jariri ya dogara da kasancewa da tsananin rikitarwa na BAV.

Kasancewar sauran matsalolin jiki yayin haihuwa suma na iya shafar yadda jariri yake da kyau.

Yawancin jariran da ke wannan yanayin ba su da wata alama, kuma ba a gano matsalar har sai sun girma. Wasu mutane basu taba gano cewa suna da wannan matsalar ba.

Rarraba na BAV sun hada da:

• Ajiyar zuciya
• Zubar da jini ta bawul din ya koma cikin zuciya
• Kunkuntar buɗewar bawul
• Kamuwa da ƙwayar tsoka ta zuciya ko bawul aortic

Kira mai ba da sabis na yara idan jaririn ku:

• Ba shi da ci
• Yana da launi mara kyau ko shuɗi
• Ga alama gajiya da sauƙi

BAV yana gudana a cikin dangi. Idan kun san wannan yanayin a cikin danginku, yi magana da mai ba ku kafin yin ciki. Babu wata hanyar da aka sani don hana yanayin.

Bicommissural aortic bawul; Cutar rashin lafiya - bicuspid aortic valve; BAV

• Tiyata bawul na zuciya - fitarwa

• Bicuspid aortic bawul

Borger MA, Fedak PWM, Stephens EH, et al. AATS jagororin yarjejeniya akan bicuspid aortic shafi aortopathy: cikakken sigar kan layi kawai. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018; 156 (2): e41-74. Doi: 10.1016 / j.jtcvs.2018.02.115. PMID: 30011777 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30011777/.

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Lindman BR, Bonow RO, Otto CM. Ciwon bawul aortic. A cikin: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald na Ciwon Zuciya: Littafin rubutu na Magungunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 68.