Mawallafi: Charles Brown
Ranar Halitta: 2 Fabrairu 2021
Sabuntawa: 29 Janairu 2025
Anonim
BOYAYYIN MAGUN GUNAN DAKE KONE CIWAN SIKILA (sickle cell)
Video: BOYAYYIN MAGUN GUNAN DAKE KONE CIWAN SIKILA (sickle cell)

Wadatacce

Cutar sikila anemia cuta ce ta halin canji da surar jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, waɗanda suke da sura kamar sikila ko rabin wata. Saboda wannan canjin, ƙwayoyin jan jini ba sa iya ɗaukar iskar oxygen, ban da ƙara haɗarin toshewar jijiyoyin jini saboda yanayin da aka canza, wanda zai iya haifar da ciwo mai yaɗuwa, rauni da rashin himma.

Ana iya sarrafa alamun irin wannan ƙarancin jini tare da amfani da ƙwayoyi waɗanda dole ne a sha su tsawon rayuwa don rage haɗarin rikitarwa, duk da haka maganin kawai yana faruwa ne ta hanyar dasa ƙwayoyin jini na hematopoietic.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Baya ga alamomin yau da kullun na kowane irin rashin jini, kamar su gajiya, kumburi da bacci, cutar sikila kuma ana iya haifar da wasu alamun alamun, kamar:


  • Jin zafi a cikin kasusuwa da haɗin gwiwa saboda iskar oxygen tana zuwa da yawa, akasari a iyakoki, kamar hannu da ƙafa;
  • Rikicin ciwo a cikin ciki, kirji da yankin lumbar, saboda mutuwar ƙwayoyin ƙashi, kuma ana iya alaƙa da zazzabi, amai da fitsari mai duhu ko jini;
  • Yawaitar cututtukasaboda jajayen kwayoyin jini na iya lalata saifa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen yakar cutuka;
  • Ragowar girma da jinkirin balagasaboda jajayen jini daga sikila cell anemia suna samar da isashshen oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki ga jiki don girma da haɓaka;
  • Idanun rawaya da fata saboda gaskiyar cewa jajayen ƙwayoyin jini suna "mutuwa" da sauri kuma, sabili da haka, ƙwayar bilirubin tana taruwa a cikin jiki yana haifar da launin rawaya a cikin fata da idanu.

Wadannan alamomin galibi suna bayyana ne bayan watanni 4 da haihuwa, amma yawanci ana yin sa ne a kwanakin farko na rayuwa, matukar jariri zai yi gwajin kafar jariri. Nemi ƙarin game da gwajin dunduniyar dunduniya da kuma waɗanne cututtukan da yake ganowa.


Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali

Ganewar cutar sikila galibi ana yin sa ne ta hanyar gwada ƙafar jariri a kwanakin farko na rayuwar jariri. Wannan gwajin yana iya yin gwajin da ake kira hemoglobin electrophoresis, wanda ke duba kasancewar haemoglobin S da natsuwarsa. Wannan saboda idan aka gano cewa mutum yana da kwayar S guda daya kawai, wato, haemoglobin na nau'in AS, yana nufin a ce shi mai ɗauke da kwayar cutar sikila ta anemia, ana sanya shi a matsayin mai sikila. A irin wannan yanayi, mutum bazai iya nuna alamun ba, amma dole ne a bi shi ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun.

Lokacin da mutum ya kamu da cutar HbSS, wannan na nufin cewa mutum yana da cutar sikila kuma ya kamata a kula da shi bisa ga shawarar likita.

Baya ga electrophoresis na haemoglobin, za a iya yin gwajin wannan nauin anemia ta hanyar auna bilirubin da ke hade da kidayar jini a cikin mutanen da ba su yi gwajin dunduniyar dunduniya a lokacin haihuwa ba, da kuma kasancewar jajayen jini irin na sikila, kasancewar masu reticulocytes, speckles basophilic da haemoglobin ƙasa da ƙimar tunani daidai, yawanci tsakanin 6 da 9.5 g / dL.


Abubuwan da ka iya haddasa cutar sikila

Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar sikila anemia na asali ne, ma'ana, an haife shi tare da yaron kuma ana yada shi daga uba zuwa ɗa.

Wannan yana nufin cewa duk lokacin da aka gano mutum da cutar, yana da kwayar halittar SS (ko haemoglobin SS) da ya gada daga mahaifiyarsa da mahaifinsa. Kodayake iyaye na iya zama cikin koshin lafiya, idan uba da uwa suna da kwayar cutar ta AS (ko haemoglobin AS), wanda ke nuna mai dauke da cutar, wanda kuma ake kira sikila, akwai yiwuwar cewa yaron zai kamu da cutar ( 25% dama) ko zama mai ɗauka (50% dama) na cutar.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Ana yin jinyar cutar sikila tare da amfani da magunguna kuma a wasu lokuta ƙarin jini na iya zama dole.

Magungunan da aka yi amfani da su galibi Penicillin ne a cikin yara daga watanni 2 zuwa shekara 5, don hana faruwar rikice-rikice kamar ciwon huhu, misali. Bugu da kari, ana iya amfani da magungunan kwantar da hankula da rage kumburi don magance ciwo yayin rikici har ma da amfani da abin rufe fuska don ƙara yawan iskar oxygen a cikin jini da sauƙaƙe numfashi.

Dole ne a gudanar da maganin cutar sikila har zuwa rayuwa saboda waɗannan majiyyatan na iya samun cutuka akai-akai. Zazzabi na iya nuna kamuwa da cuta, don haka idan mai cutar sikila yana da zazzaɓi, to ya kamata su hanzarta zuwa wurin likita domin za su iya kamuwa da cutar ta septicemia cikin awanni 24 kawai, wanda zai iya mutuwa. Kada ayi amfani da magungunan rage zazzabi ba tare da ilimin likita ba.

Bugu da kari, dasawar kashin kashi shima wani nau'i ne na magani, wanda aka nuna don wasu larura masu tsanani kuma likita ya zaba, wanda zai iya zuwa ya warkar da cutar, duk da haka yana haifar da wasu haɗari, kamar amfani da magunguna waɗanda ke rage rigakafi. Gano yadda ake yin dashen kasusuwan kasusuwa da yiwuwar hadari.

Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa

Matsalolin da zasu iya shafar marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sikila na jini na iya zama:

  • Kumburin gidajen hannu da ƙafafu wanda ke barin su kumbura kuma mai tsananin ciwo da nakasawa;
  • Riskarin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta saboda shigar saifa, wanda ba zai tace jini yadda ya kamata ba, don haka ya bada damar kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jiki;
  • Lalacewar koda, tare da karin yawan fitsari, shima abu ne na fitsari yayi duhu kuma yaron yayi fitsari a gado har zuwa samartaka;
  • Raunuka a kafafu waɗanda ke da wuyar warkewa kuma suna buƙatar sutura sau biyu a rana;
  • Raunin hanta wanda ke bayyana kansa ta hanyar alamomi kamar launin rawaya a idanu da fata, amma wanda ba ciwon hanta ba;
  • Duwatsu masu tsalle;
  • Rage gani, tabo, tabo da mikewa a idanu, a wasu lokuta na iya haifar da makanta;
  • Bugun jini, saboda wahalar jini wajen ban ruwa ga kwakwalwa;
  • Rashin zuciya, tare da cardiomegaly, infarctions da gunaguni na zuciya;
  • Priapism, wanda shine ciwo mai raɗaɗi, rashin al'ada kuma mai ɗorewa ba tare da sha'awar jima'i ko motsa sha'awa ba, gama gari ga samari.

Arin jini na iya zama wani ɓangare na maganin, don ƙara yawan jajayen ƙwayoyin jini a cikin yanayin, kuma kawai dasa ƙwayoyin hematopoietic suna ba da magani guda ɗaya kawai na cutar sikila, amma tare da indican alamomi saboda haɗarin da ke tattare da hakan hanya.

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