Diuretics: menene su, waɗanne nau'ikan da yadda suke aiki

Wadatacce

• 1. Thiazide masu cutar diuretics
• 2. Madauki diuretics
• 3. Turare masu saurin kiyaye sanadarin Potassium
• 4. Osmotic diuretics
• 5. Magungunan hana yaduwar sinadarin Carbonic anhydrase

Diuretics magunguna ne waɗanda za a iya amfani da su shi kaɗai ko kuma a haɗa su da wasu abubuwa masu aiki, don maganin hawan jini, kumburin da zuciya, koda ko cututtukan hanta ke haifarwa, da sauransu.

Akwai nau'ikan diuretics da dama da ake dasu, kamar su thiazides, loop, potassium-sparing, osmotic or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, tare da hanyoyin aiki daban-daban da yin aiki a yankuna daban-daban na koda, waɗanda ya kamata a ba su gwargwadon matsalar da za a magance ta.

1. Thiazide masu cutar diuretics

Wadannan diuretics suna da tsarin aikinsu na hana amfani da sodium reabsorption a cikin kashin farko na tubule mai narkewa, yana kara yawan fitar da shi, da kuma na chlorides kuma, zuwa wani karamin yanayi, na potassium da magnesium, wanda hakan ke haifar da kawar da ruwa. Waɗannan magunguna suna aiki da ƙarfi.

Sunaye / kasuwanci: Wasu misalan diuretics na thiazide sune indapamide (Natrilix, Indapen, Flux), hydrochlorothiazide (Diurix, Hidromed) da chlorothalidone (Higroton).

Alamar warkewa: Gabaɗaya, masu yin maganin diure a cikin wannan ajin ana nuna su ne don saukar da hawan jini da kuma magani na yau da kullun game da kumburin ciki wanda ke da alaƙa da gazawar zuciya, hanta da kuma cutar koda.

Yawancin sakamako masu illa na kowa: Wasu daga cikin cututtukan da zasu iya faruwa yayin magani tare da waɗannan magungunan sune damuwa, ciwon kai, rauni, tashin zuciya, amai, ciwon mara, gudawa, maƙarƙashiya, cholecystitis, pancreatitis da cututtukan jini da fata.

2. Madauki diuretics

Madaukai madaukai suna aiki ta hanyar hana reabsorption na sodium a cikin reshe mai hawa na madauki na Henle, wanda ke haifar da raguwar sake komowar ruwan tubular. Bugu da kari, wadannan magungunan suma suna da tasiri kai tsaye kan yaduwar jini, yana haifar da vasodilation da kuma rage juriya na jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini. Wadannan magunguna suna da tasiri mai tasiri, tare da saurin farawa na gajeren lokaci

Sunaye / kasuwanci: Furosemide (Lasix, Neosemid) misali ne na yaduwar madauki mai yaduwa. Koyi yadda ake amfani da shi da abin da ake hana wa furosemide.

Alamar warkewa: Ana nuna madaurin diuretics don kula da ciwon huhu na huhu da sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan ɓarke, saurin gazawar koda da hauhawar jini. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da su don magance matsanancin hypercalcemia, kamar yadda suke haɓaka fitar da alli na fitsari.

Yawancin sakamako masu illa na kowa: Wasu daga cikin illolin da ka iya faruwa yayin magani sune rikicewar lantarki, rashin ruwa a jiki, hypovolemia, haɓakar creatinine da triglycerides cikin jini, hare-haren gout da ƙara yawan fitsari.

3. Turare masu saurin kiyaye sanadarin Potassium

Wadannan magunguna suna hana fitar da sinadarin potassium a matakin karshe na bututun da aka tsallake kuma a cikin bututun tattarawa, wanda watakila ko rashin aikin aldosterone.

Spironolactone takamaiman antagonist ne na aldosterone, wanda ke aiki akasari a gidan musayar dogaro da sododi da potassium ion, wanda yake a cikin matattarar tubule ta koda kuma yana haifar da ƙarin sodium da ruwa da za'a fitar, yayin da aka riƙe potassium.

Sunaye / kasuwanci: Wasu misalai na cututtukan diashan na potassium sune amiloride, wanda kawai ke haɗuwa da wasu abubuwa masu aiki, da spironolactone (Aldactone, Diacqua). Duba wasu alamun warkewa don spironolactone.

Alamar warkewa: Magungunan chututtukan mai dauke da potassium suna da rauni wajen yin maganin diuretic kuma, sabili da haka, ba safai ake amfani da su shi kaɗai ba wajen maganin kumburi ko hauhawar jini, kuma galibi suna da alaƙa da wasu masu kamuwa da cutar. Hadin gwiwar ta yana kara tasirin kwayar cutar da kuma maganin karfin hawan jini ga thiazide da madaurin diuretics.

Yawancin sakamako masu illa na kowa: Wasu daga cikin illolin da zasu iya faruwa sune fadada girman kwayar halitta, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma karfin jini.

4. Osmotic diuretics

Wadannan kwayoyi suna kara yawan dusar kankara, wanda ke haifar da motsin ruwan intracellular cikin wani wuri mai kama da na jijiyoyin jini, suna haifar da alamun diuresis, saboda haka yana rage matsewar intracranial da kumburin ciki da kuma matsin lamba intraocular.

Sunaye / kasuwanci: 20% Mannitol. Gano yadda ake amfani da mannitol.

Alamar warkewa: 20% mannitol an nuna don maganin edema, m glaucoma, m koda gazawar da kuma a cikin shirin for ophthalmic tiyata.

Yawancin sakamako masu illa na kowa: Wasu daga cikin illolin da zasu iya faruwa sune tashin zuciya, amai, ƙishirwa, ciwon kai, jiri, rawar jiki, zazzabi, yawan bugun zuciya, ciwon kirji, hauhawar jini, rashin ruwa, hangen nesa, amya ko hauhawar jini.

5. Magungunan hana yaduwar sinadarin Carbonic anhydrase

Wadannan kwayoyi suna hana anhydrase na carbonic, wanda shine enzyme wanda ke haifar da tasirin sinadarai wanda ya hada da sanya iskar carbon dioxide da dehydrating carbonic acid. A sakamakon haka, akwai raguwa a cikin sinadarin carbonic, wanda ke haifar da alkalinization na fitsari, inganta diuresis.

Sunaye / kasuwanci:acetazolamide (Diamox). Gano yadda ake amfani da shi da kuma menene abubuwan hanawa ga Diamox.

Alamar warkewa: Ana nuna masu hana anhydrase na carbonic don maganin glaucoma, alkalination na fitsari, alkalosis na rayuwa da kuma cutar dutsen mai saurin gaske.

Yawancin sakamako masu illa na kowa: Wasu daga cikin illolin da zasu iya faruwa sune acid acid na rayuwa, fadada yawan ruwa mai yawa, hyponatremia, ciwon kai, bacci, jiri, jiri, amai da rashin ruwa.