Magungunan bugun jini

Wadatacce

• Yaya magungunan bugun jini ke aiki
• Anticoagulants
• Magungunan antiplatelet
• Nau'in plasminogen activator (tPA)
• Statins
• Magungunan bugun jini
• Awauki

Fahimtar bugun jini

Bugun jini wani rikici ne a aikin kwakwalwa sakamakon rashin kwararar jini zuwa cikin kwakwalwa.

Karamin bugun jini ana kiran sa ministroke, ko harin wuce gona da iri (TIA). Yana faruwa yayin da daskarewa na jini na dan lokaci yana toshe gudan jini zuwa kwakwalwa.

Yaya magungunan bugun jini ke aiki

Magungunan da ake amfani dasu don magance bugun jini galibi suna aiki ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Wasu magungunan bugun jini da gaske suna fasa dasassu na jini. Wasu kuma suna taimakawa hana yaduwar jini daga hanyoyin jini. Wasu suna aiki don daidaita hawan jini da matakan cholesterol don taimakawa hana toshewar jini.

Magungunan da likitanku ya rubuta zai dogara ne akan nau'in bugun jini da kuka samu da kuma dalilin sa. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da magungunan bugun jini don taimakawa hana hana shanyewar jiki karo na biyu a cikin mutanen da suka riga sun sami ɗaya.

Anticoagulants

Anticoagulants wasu kwayoyi ne wadanda suke taimakawa jininka daga daskarewa cikin sauki. Suna yin hakan ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da tsarin daskarewar jini. Ana amfani da anticoagulants don hana bugun ischemic (mafi yawan nau'in bugun jini) da kuma ministroke.

Ana amfani da warfarin mai hana yaduwar jini (Coumadin, Jantoven) don hana daskarewar jini daga samuwarta ko kuma hana dasassu na ci gaba da girma. Sau da yawa akan rubuta shi ga mutanen da suke da bawul na zuciya ko bugun zuciya mara tsari ko mutanen da suka kamu da bugun zuciya ko bugun jini.

Hakanan an alakanta Warfarin da barazanar rai, zubar jini da yawa. Faɗa wa likitanka idan kana da cuta na zub da jini ko kuma ka sami zubar jini mai yawa. Likitanku zai iya yin la'akari da wani magani.

Magungunan antiplatelet

Ana iya amfani da maganin hana daukar ciki kamar clopidogrel (Plavix) don taimakawa hana daskarewar jini. Suna aiki ne ta hanyar sanya ya zama da wahala ga platelet din da ke cikin jininka su hade wuri daya, wanda shi ne matakin farko a samuwar daskarewar jini.

Wani lokaci ana rubuta su ga mutanen da suka kamu da cutar ischemic ko bugun zuciya. Likitanku zai yiwu ku ɗauke su akai-akai na tsawon lokaci a matsayin hanyar hana bugun jini na biyu ko bugun zuciya.

Aspirin antiplatelet yana da alaƙa da haɗarin zub da jini. Saboda wannan, maganin asfirin ba koyaushe shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ga mutanen da ba su da tarihin cutar atherosclerotic na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini ba (misali, bugun jini da bugun zuciya).

Aspirin kawai za'a yi amfani dashi don rigakafin farko na cututtukan zuciya na atherosclerotic a cikin mutanen da suka:

• suna cikin haɗarin gaske don bugun jini, bugun zuciya, ko wasu nau'ikan cututtukan zuciya na zuciya da ke motsa jiki
• suma suna cikin ƙananan haɗarin zubar jini

Nau'in plasminogen activator (tPA)

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) shine kawai kwayar cutar bugun jini wanda ke karya fashewar jini. Ana amfani dashi azaman magani na gaggawa na gama gari yayin bugun jini.

Don wannan maganin, ana yin allurar tPA a cikin jijiya don haka zai iya zuwa saurin jini da sauri.

ba a amfani da tPA ga kowa. Ba a ba mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin zub da jini zuwa cikin kwakwalwar su tPA.

Statins

Statins suna taimakawa ƙananan matakan cholesterol. Lokacin da matakan cholesterol suka yi yawa, cholesterol zai iya fara ginawa tare da bangon jijiyoyin ku. Ana kiran wannan ginin tarihin.

Wadannan kwayoyi suna toshe HMG-CoA reductase, wani enzyme da jikinka yake buƙatar yin cholesterol. A sakamakon haka, jikinka ya rage shi. Wannan yana taimakawa rage haɗarin tambari da hana ƙananan ƙwayoyi da bugun zuciya sakamakon lalatattun jijiyoyin jini.

Statins da aka sayar a Amurka sun haɗa da:

• atorvastatin (Lipitor)
• fluvastatin (Lescol)
• lovastatin (Altoprev)
• pitavastatin (Livalo)
• farashi (Pravachol)
• rosuvastatin (Crestor)
• simvastatin (Zocor)

Magungunan bugun jini

Hakanan likitan ku na iya ba da magunguna don taimaka wajan rage hawan jini. Hawan jini zai iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a bugun jini. Zai iya ba da gudummawa ga ɓarkewar abun al'aura wanda zai iya haifar da samuwar gudan jini.

Magungunan hawan jini da aka yi amfani da shi don wannan nau'in magani sun haɗa da:

• angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) masu hanawa
• masu hana beta
• masu toshe tashar calcium

Awauki

Yawancin nau'ikan kwayoyi daban-daban na iya taimakawa wajen magance ko hana bugun jini. Wasu suna taimakawa hana daskarewar jini ta hanyar tsoma baki kai tsaye tare da yadda kododin ke haifar. Wasu suna magance wasu yanayin da zai iya haifar da bugun jini. tPA yana taimakawa narkewar daskarewa bayan sun riga sun samu a cikin jijiyoyin ku.

Idan kana cikin haɗarin bugun jini, yi magana da likitanka. Wataƙila ɗayan waɗannan kwayoyi na iya zama zaɓi don taimaka muku sarrafa wannan haɗarin.