Menene ma'anar zama Heterozygous?

Wadatacce

• Maanar Heterozygous
• Bambanci tsakanin heterozygous da homozygous
• Misalin Heterozygous
• Cikakken rinjaye
• Ikon mallaka bai cika ba
• Ominidaya
• Heterozygous kwayoyin halitta da cuta
• Cutar Huntington
• Ciwon Marfan
• Ciwan hypercholesterolemia
• Awauki

Maanar Heterozygous

Kwayar halittarka an yi ta ne da DNA. Wannan DNA yana ba da umarni, wanda ke ƙayyade halaye kamar launin gashinku da nau'in jini.

Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta. Kowane sigar ana kiransa allele. Ga kowane jinsi, kun gaji allele guda biyu: daya daga mahaifinku na asali kuma daya daga mahaifiyarku. Tare, waɗannan ƙirar suna ake kira genotype.

Idan nau'ikan guda biyu sun banbanta, kana da nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsi na jinsi na wannan kwayar halittar. Misali, kasancewarka mai kaifin baki ga launin gashi yana iya nufin kana da alli ɗaya na jan gashi da kuma allele ɗaya na gashin launin ruwan kasa.

Alaƙar da ke tsakanin alleles biyu tana shafar waɗanne halaye ne aka bayyana. Hakanan yana ƙayyade waɗanne halaye da kuke ɗauka don su.

Bari mu binciko abin da ake nufi da zama heterozygous da kuma rawar da yake takawa a tsarin halittar ku.

Bambanci tsakanin heterozygous da homozygous

Halin homozygous shine kishiyar nau'ikan nau'ikan halittar dan adam.

Idan kana homozygous don wata kwayar halitta, ka gaji biyu daga irin wannan alleles. Yana nufin iyayenku na asali sun ba da gudummawa iri-iri.

A cikin wannan yanayin, kuna iya samun madaidaitan layi biyu na yau da kullun ko allele biyu. Mutles alleles zai iya haifar da cuta kuma za'a tattauna shi daga baya. Wannan kuma yana shafar wane halaye ne ya bayyana.

Misalin Heterozygous

A cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan halittar jini, nau'ikan allo daban-daban suna hulɗa da juna. Wannan yana tantance yadda za'a bayyana halayensu.

Galibi, wannan hulɗar yana dogara ne akan mamayar. Duk abin da aka bayyana da ƙarfi an kira shi "mai rinjaye," yayin da ɗayan kuma ake kira "recessive." Wannan madafan ikon juzu'in an rufe shi ta hanyar mai rinjaye.

Dogaro da yadda manyan kwayoyin halittu ke mu'amala da mawuyacin hali, nau'ikan nau'ikan kwayar halitta na iya ƙunsar:

Cikakken rinjaye

A cikin cikakken rinjaye, babban mai mulki yana rufe wanda yake mara baya. Ba a bayyana allele na recessive kwata-kwata ba.

Misali ɗaya shine launin ido, wanda yawancin kwayoyin halitta ke sarrafa shi. Allele don launin ruwan kasa shine mafi rinjaye ga ɗayan don shuɗin idanu. Idan kuna da ɗayan ɗayan, kuna da idanu masu ruwan kasa.

Koyaya, har yanzu kuna da madaidaiciyar alale don shuɗin idanu. Idan kun sake hayayyafa tare da wanda ke da alaƙa iri ɗaya, yana yiwuwa yaronku ya sami shuɗi idanu.

Ikon mallaka bai cika ba

Dominarancin mallaka bai cika ba yayin da mafi rinjaye allele bai rinjayi mai koma baya ba. Madadin haka, suna haɗuwa tare, wanda ke haifar da halaye na uku.

Irin wannan mamayar galibi ana ganinta cikin yanayin gashi. Idan kana da alli guda daya na gashi mai lankwasa da kuma na madaidaiciya, zaka sami gashi mai raɗaɗi. Waviness yana haɗuwa da curly da madaidaiciyar gashi.

Ominidaya

Omina'idodin lambobi suna faruwa lokacin da aka wakilci allele guda biyu a lokaci guda. Ba sa haɗuwa tare, kodayake. Dukkan halayen biyu daidai aka bayyana.

Misali na lamba shine nau'in jini na AB. A wannan yanayin, kuna da madaidaiciya ɗaya don nau'in A da ɗaya don nau'in B. Maimakon haɗuwa da ƙirƙirar nau'i na uku, dukansu suna yin duka biyun nau'ikan jini. Wannan yana haifar da nau'in AB.

Heterozygous kwayoyin halitta da cuta

Allele mai canzawa na iya haifar da yanayin kwayar halitta. Wancan saboda maye gurbi ya canza yadda ake bayyana DNA.

Dogaro da yanayin, madaidaicin murfin yana iya zama mai rinjaye ko koma baya. Idan ya fi rinjaye, yana nufin kwafin maye gurbi guda ɗaya ake buƙata don haifar da cuta. Ana kiran wannan “cuta mafi rinjaye” ko “cuta mai rinjaye.”

Idan kun kasance heterozygous don mamaye cuta, kuna da haɗarin haɓaka shi. A gefe guda kuma, idan kai ne heterozygous don maye gurbi, ba za ka samu ba. Allele na yau da kullun yana ɗauka kuma kai mai ɗaukar ne kawai. Wannan yana nufin yaranku na iya samun hakan.

Misalan manyan cututtuka sun haɗa da:

Cutar Huntington

Kwayar HTT tana samar da huntingtin, wani furotin wanda yake da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwa. Wani maye gurbi a cikin wannan kwayar halitta yana haifar da cutar Huntington, cuta mai rikitarwa.

Tunda kwayar halittar da ke canzawa ta fi rinjaye, mutum mai kwafinsa guda ɗaya zai ci gaba da cutar Huntington. Wannan yanayin kwakwalwar na ci gaba, wanda yawanci yake nunawa yayin balagar sa, na iya haifar da:

• motsawa ba da son rai ba
• lamuran motsin rai
• rashin fahimta
• matsalar tafiya, magana, ko haɗiyewa

Ciwon Marfan

Ciwon Marfan ya haɗa da kayan haɗin kai, wanda ke ba da ƙarfi da tsari ga tsarin jiki. Rashin kwayar halitta na iya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka kamar:

• rashin lafiya mai lankwasa, ko scoliosis
• yawaitar wasu kasusuwa na hannu da kafa
• hangen nesa
• matsaloli tare da aorta, wanda shine jijiyoyin da ke kawo jini daga zuciyarku zuwa sauran jikinku

Ciwon Marfan yana haɗuwa da maye gurbi na FBN1 kwayar halitta Bugu da ƙari, bambance-bambancen maye gurbi guda ɗaya kawai ake buƙata don haifar da yanayin.

Ciwan hypercholesterolemia

Dangin hypercholesterolemia (FH) yana faruwa ne a cikin nau'ikan halittar jini tare da kwafin APOB, LDLR, ko PCSK9 kwayar halitta Yana gama gari, yana shafar mutane.

FH yana haifar da matakan LDL cholesterol mai tsananin gaske, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya tun yana ƙarami.

Awauki

Lokacin da kake heterozygous don takamaiman kwayar halitta, yana nufin kana da nau'i biyu na wannan kwayar. Siffar mafi rinjaye na iya rufe abin da ke da matukar wahala, ko kuma za su iya haɗuwa tare. A wasu yanayi, duka sigar suna bayyana a lokaci guda.

Kwayoyin halittar daban-daban na iya ma'amala ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Alaƙar su ita ce ke kula da sifofin jikinku, nau'in jini, da duk halayen da zasu sa ku zama kai.