Calcium mai wuce haddi (Hypercalcemia): Sanadinsa, Alamominsa da Jiyyarsa

Wadatacce

• Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa
• Babban dalilan cutar hypercalcemia
• Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Hypercalcemia ya dace da yawan sinadarin calcium a cikin jini, wanda yawan adadin wannan ma'adinan da ya fi 10.5 mg / dL aka tabbatar a gwajin jini, wanda zai iya zama alama ce ta canje-canje a cikin cututtukan parathyroid, ciwace-ciwacen daji, cututtukan endocrin ko saboda gefe sakamakon wasu magunguna.

Wannan canjin ba kasafai yake haifar da bayyanar cututtuka ba, ko kuma yana haifar da alamun rashin lafiya kawai, irin su rashin ci da jiri. Koyaya, lokacin da matakan alli suka ɗaga sama sama, suna tsaye sama da 12 mg / dl, zai iya haifar da alamomi kamar su maƙarƙashiya, yawan fitsari, yawan bacci, gajiya, ciwon kai, arrhythmias har ma da coma.

Maganin hypercalcemia ya bambanta gwargwadon sanadin sa, ana ɗaukar sa na gaggawa idan ya haifar da alamomi ko ya kai darajar 13 mg / dl. A matsayin hanya don rage matakan alli, likita na iya nuna amfani da magani a cikin jijiya da magunguna kamar su diuretics, calcitonin ko bisphosphonates, misali.

Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa

Kodayake alli ma'adanai ne mai mahimmanci don lafiyar ƙashi da kuma mahimman matakai na jiki, idan ya wuce gona da iri zai iya shafar tasirin aikin jiki, yana haifar da alamu kamar:

• Ciwon kai da yawan gajiya;
• Jin ƙishirwa koyaushe;
• Yawan son yin fitsari;
• Tashin zuciya da amai;
• Rage yawan ci;
• Canje-canje a cikin aikin koda da haɗarin samuwar dutse;
• Ciwo akai-akai ko jijiyoyin tsoka;
• Ciwon zuciya na Cardiac.

Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da ke da cutar hypercalcemia na iya samun alamomin da ke da alaƙa da canje-canje na ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ɓacin rai, sauƙin haushi ko rikicewa, misali.

Babban dalilan cutar hypercalcemia

Babban abin da ke haifar da yawan sinadarin calcium a jiki shine hyperparathyroidism, wanda ƙananan glandan na parathyroid, waɗanda ke bayan ƙirar ƙirar, suna samar da yawuwar hormone wanda ke daidaita yawan alli a cikin jini. Koyaya, hypercalcemia kuma na iya faruwa sakamakon wasu yanayi, kamar:

• Rashin ciwan koda;
• Wucewar bitamin D, galibi saboda cututtuka irin su sarcoidosis, tarin fuka, coccidioidomycosis ko yawan amfani da jiki;
• Tasirin gefen amfani da wasu magunguna kamar su lithium, misali;
• Tumor a cikin kasusuwa, kodan ko hanji a cikin matakin ci gaba;
• Tumor a cikin tsibirin pancreatic;
• Myeloma da yawa;
• Ciwon madara-alkali, wanda ya haifar da yawan shan alli da amfani da abubuwan kashe guba;
• Cutar Paget;
• Ciwon hawan jini;
• Myeloma da yawa;
• Endocrinological cututtuka kamar su thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma da Addison ta cuta.

Muguwar cutar rashin karfin jiki ta taso ne sakamakon samar da hormone mai kama da parathyroid na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da tsananin da wahalar magance hypercalcemia. Wani nau'i na hypercalcemia a cikin cututtukan daji yana faruwa ne saboda raunin ƙashi wanda ƙananan metastases suka haifar.

Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali

Ana iya tabbatar da cutar ta hypercalcemia ta hanyar gwajin jini, wanda ke gano jimlar ƙimar alli sama da 10.5mg / dl ko ionic calcium sama da 5.3mg / dl, ya dogara da dakin binciken da aka yi.

Bayan tabbatar da wannan canjin, dole ne likita ya umarci gwaje-gwaje don gano musababbinsa, wanda ya hada da auna sinadarin PTH wanda kwayoyin gland na parathyroid ke samarwa, gwajin hoto kamar su tomography ko MRI don binciken wanzuwar cutar kansa, baya ga tantance matakan bitamin D. , aikin koda ko kasancewar wasu cututtukan endocrinological.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Maganin cutar hypercalcemia galibi ana nuna shi ne ta hanyar endocrinologist, wanda aka yi musamman bisa ga dalilinsa, wanda ya haɗa da amfani da ƙwayoyi don sarrafa matakan hormone, musayar magunguna ga wasu waɗanda ba su da hypercalcemia a matsayin sakamako na gefe ko tiyata don cire ciwace-ciwacen da ke iya yana haifar da alli mai yawa, idan wannan shine dalilin.

Ba a yin magani cikin gaggawa, sai dai a yanayin da ake haifar da alamomi ko kuma lokacin da ƙwayoyin calcium suka kai 13.5 mg / dl, wanda ke wakiltar babbar haɗarin lafiya.

Sabili da haka, likita na iya yin amfani da hydration a cikin jijiya, madaukai madaukai, kamar Furosemide, calcitonin ko bisphosphonates, don ƙoƙarin rage matakan alli da kauce wa canje-canje a cikin bugun zuciya ko lalata tsarin mai juyayi.

Yin aikin tiyata don magance hypercalcemia ana amfani dashi ne kawai lokacin da abin da ke haifar da matsalar rashin aiki ne na ɗayan glandon parathyroid, kuma ana ba da shawarar a cire shi.