Ciwon sankarar jini

Wadatacce

• Hanyoyin haɗari ga cutar sankarar bargo
• Nau'in cutar sankarar bargo
• Ciwon ƙwayar cutar sankarar bargo (AML)
• M lymphocytic cutar sankarar bargo (ALL)
• Cutar sankarar jini na yau da kullum (CML)
• Cutar sankarar bargo ta yau da kullun (CLL)
• Menene alamun cutar sankarar bargo?
• Ganewar cutar sankarar jini
• Gwaje-gwaje
• Tsayawa
• Kimanta ci gaba
• Yin maganin cutar sankarar bargo
• Hangen nesa

Menene cutar sankarar jini?

Cutar sankarar bargo wata cutar sankara ce ta kwayoyin jini. Akwai nau'ikan sassan jini da yawa, ciki har da jajayen jini (RBCs), fararen sel (WBCs), da platelets. Gabaɗaya, cutar sankarar bargo tana nufin cutar kansa ta WBC.

WBCs wani bangare ne mai mahimmanci na tsarin garkuwar ku. Suna kiyaye jikinka daga mamayewa daga kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da fungi, da kuma daga ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran abubuwa na waje. A cutar sankarar bargo, WBCs basa aiki kamar WBCs na yau da kullun. Hakanan zasu iya rarraba cikin sauri kuma daga ƙarshe su fitar da ƙwayoyin halitta.

WBCs galibi ana samar dasu ne a cikin kasusuwan kasusuwa, amma wasu nau'ikan WBCs suma ana yinsu ne a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph, saifa, da gland. Da zarar an ƙirƙira su, WBCs suna zagayawa cikin jikin ku duka a cikin jinin ku da lymph (ruwan da ke zagayawa ta cikin tsarin kwayar halitta), yana mai da hankali kan ƙwayoyin lymph da saifa.

Hanyoyin haɗari ga cutar sankarar bargo

Ba a san dalilan cutar sankarar bargo ba. Koyaya, an gano abubuwa da yawa waɗanda na iya ƙara haɗarinku. Wadannan sun hada da:

• tarihin iyali na cutar sankarar bargo
• shan sigari, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sankarar bargo ta myeloid (AML)
• cututtukan kwayoyin halitta irin su Down syndrome
• rikicewar jini, kamar ciwo na myelodysplastic, wanda wani lokaci ake kira “preleukemia”
• maganin da ya gabata na cutar kansa tare da chemotherapy ko radiation
• yaduwa zuwa manyan matakan radiation
• daukan hotuna ga sinadarai kamar su benzene

Nau'in cutar sankarar bargo

Farawar cutar sankarar bargo na iya zama mai saurin gaske (farat ɗaya farat ɗaya) ko kuma mai ci gaba (sannu a hankali). A cikin cutar sankarar bargo, ƙwayoyin kansa suna ninka cikin sauri. A cikin cutar sankarar bargo, cutar tana ci gaba sannu a hankali kuma alamun farko na iya zama da sauƙi.

Cutar sankarar bargo kuma ana rarraba ta gwargwadon nau'in kwayar halitta. Cutar sankarar jini da ta shafi ƙwayoyin myeloid ana kiranta myelogenous leukemia. Kwayoyin Myeloid su ne ƙwayoyin jinin da ba su balaga ba waɗanda yawanci za su zama granulocytes ko monocytes. Cutar sankarar bargo da ke dauke da kwayar cuta da ake kira lymphocytic leukemia. Akwai manyan nau'ikan cutar sankarar bargo guda huɗu:

Ciwon ƙwayar cutar sankarar bargo (AML)

Metelogenous cutar sankarar bargo (AML) na iya faruwa a cikin yara da manya. Dangane da Kulawa, Ilimin Cututtuka, da Tsarin Sakamakon Sakamako na Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon Nationalasa (NCI), kusan 21,000 sababbin al'amuran AML ana bincikar su kowace shekara a Amurka. Wannan shine mafi yawan cutar sankarar bargo. Adadin rayuwa na shekaru biyar na AML shine kashi 26.9.

M lymphocytic cutar sankarar bargo (ALL)

M lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) yana faruwa mafi yawa a cikin yara. NCI ta kiyasta kimanin 6,000 sababin shari'o'in ALL duk shekara ana bincikar su. Matsayin rayuwa na shekaru biyar na ALL shine kashi 68.2.

Cutar sankarar jini na yau da kullum (CML)

Cutar sankarar jini na yau da kullun (CML) tana shafar yawancin manya. Game da sababbin cututtukan 9,000 na CML ana bincikar su kowace shekara, a cewar NCI. Matsayin rayuwa na shekaru biyar don CML shine kashi 66.9.

Cutar sankarar bargo ta yau da kullun (CLL)

Cutar sankarar bargo ta lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) na iya shafar mutane sama da shekaru 55. Ba safai ake ganin yara ba. Dangane da NCI, kimanin 20,000 sababbi ne na cutar ta CLL a kowace shekara. Matsayin rayuwa na shekaru biyar don CLL shine kashi 83.2.

Kwayar cutar sankarar bargo wani nau'in nau'in nau'ikan CLL ne mai matukar wahala. Sunanta ya fito ne daga bayyanar lymphocytes masu cutar kansa a ƙarƙashin madubin likita.

Menene alamun cutar sankarar bargo?

Kwayar cutar sankarar bargo ta hada da:

• yawan zufa, musamman da daddare (wanda ake kira da "zufar dare")
• gajiya da rauni wanda baya tafiya tare da hutu
• asarar nauyi ba da gangan ba
• ciwon kashi da taushi
• mara ciwo, kumburin lymph (musamman a cikin wuya da hanun kafa)
• kara girman hanta koifa
• jajaye a fata, ana kiranta petechiae
• zub da jini cikin sauki da raunin rauni
• zazzabi ko sanyi
• m cututtuka

Cutar sankarar bargo kuma na iya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka a cikin gabobin da suka shiga ko kuma kwayar cutar kansa ta shafa. Misali, idan cutar daji ta bazu zuwa tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, zai iya haifar da ciwon kai, tashin zuciya da amai, rikicewa, rasa kulawar tsoka, da kamuwa.

Cutar sankarar bargo kuma na iya yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jikinka, gami da:

• huhu
• kayan ciki
• zuciya
• kodan
• gwaji

Ganewar cutar sankarar jini

Ana iya tsammanin cutar sankarar bargo idan kana da wasu dalilai masu haɗari ko game da alamomi. Likitanku zai fara ne da cikakken tarihi da gwajin jiki, amma cutar sankarar bargo ba za a iya bincikar ta ba ta hanyar gwajin jiki. Madadin haka, likitoci zasu yi amfani da gwajin jini, da kuma gwajin hoto don yin bincike.

Gwaje-gwaje

Akwai gwaje-gwaje daban-daban da za a iya amfani da su don gano cutar sankarar bargo. Cikakken adadin jini yana tantance lambobin RBCs, WBCs, da platelets a cikin jini. Idan aka kalli jininka a karkashin madubin likita shima zai iya tantancewa idan kwayoyin halittar ba su da wata matsala.

Za a iya ɗaukar biopsies na nama daga ɓarke ​​ko ƙurawa don neman shaidar cutar sankarar bargo. Waɗannan ƙananan samfuran na iya gano nau'in cutar sankarar bargo da ƙimar girma. Kwayar halittar wasu gabobi kamar hanta da saifa na iya nuna idan kansar ta yadu.

Tsayawa

Da zarar an gano cutar sankarar bargo, za a shirya ta. Tsarin kallo yana taimaka wa likitan ku ƙayyade ra'ayin ku.

AML da DUK an tsara su ne bisa la'akari da yadda ƙwayoyin daji ke kallon ƙarƙashin madubin likita da nau'in kwayar da ke ciki. ALL da CLL an shirya su ne bisa la'akari da ƙididdigar WBC a lokacin da aka gano asali. Hakanan ana amfani da kasancewar ƙwayoyin jinin fari da basu balaga ba, ko myeloblasts, a cikin jini da ƙashi don gabatar da AML da CML.

Kimanta ci gaba

Za a iya amfani da wasu gwaje-gwajen don tantance ci gaban cutar:

• Tsarin cytometry mai gudana yana nazarin DNA na ƙwayoyin kansa kuma yana ƙayyade ƙimar girmarsu.
• Gwajin aikin hanta ya nuna ko ƙwayoyin cutar sankarar bargo suna tasiri ko mamaye hanta.
• Yin hujin lumbar ana yin sa ne ta hanyar shigar da bakin allura a tsakanin kashin bayan kasan ka. Wannan yana bawa likitanka damar tattara ruwan kashin baya kuma ya tantance idan kansar ta bazu zuwa tsarin juyayi na tsakiya.
• Gwajin daukar hoto, kamar su X-rays, ultrasound, da CT scans, na taimakawa likitoci neman duk wata illa ga wasu gabobin da cutar sankarar jini ta haifar.

Yin maganin cutar sankarar bargo

Cutar sankarar jini yawanci ana kula da ita ta hanyar likitan jini-oncologist. Waɗannan su ne likitocin da suka kware a cikin rikicewar jini da cutar kansa. Maganin ya dogara da nau'i da matakin cutar kansa. Wasu nau'ikan cutar sankarar bargo suna girma a hankali kuma basa buƙatar magani nan da nan. Koyaya, magani don cutar sankarar bargo yawanci ya ƙunshi ɗaya ko fiye na masu zuwa:

• Chemotherapy yana amfani da kwayoyi don kashe ƙwayoyin cutar sankarar bargo. Dogaro da nau'in cutar sankarar bargo, zaku iya shan magani guda ɗaya ko haɗuwa da magunguna daban-daban.
• Radiation na amfani da iska mai ƙarfi don lalata ƙwayoyin cutar sankarar jini da hana haɓakar su. Za'a iya amfani da Radiation zuwa wani yanki ko kuma jikinka duka.
• Dasawar sel mai tushe yana maye gurbin kashin mai cutar da lafiyayyen lafiyayyen lafiyayye, ko dai naka (wanda ake kira dashe dasuwa) Wannan hanyar ana kuma kiranta dashen ƙashi.
• Ilimin halitta ko rigakafi yana amfani da jiyya wanda ke taimakawa tsarin rigakafin ku don ganewa da afkawa ƙwayoyin kansar.
• Target ɗin da aka yi niyya yana amfani da magunguna waɗanda ke cin gajiyar rauni a cikin ƙwayoyin kansa. Misali, imatinib (Gleevec) magani ne da aka yi niyya wanda ake amfani da shi akan CML.

Hangen nesa

Hankali na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar sankarar bargo ya dogara da nau'in kansar da suke da shi da kuma matakinsu na ganowar cutar. An gano cutar sankarar bargo da sauri kuma ana saurin magance ta, mafi kyawun damar dawowa. Wasu dalilai, kamar tsufa, tarihin da ya gabata na rikicewar jini, da maye gurbin chromosome, na iya shafar mummunan ra'ayi.

A cewar hukumar ta NCI, yawan masu cutar sankarar bargo yana ta faduwa a kan kusan kashi 1 cikin 100 a kowace shekara daga shekarar 2005 zuwa 2014. Daga 2007 zuwa 2013, yawan shekaru biyar na rayuwa (ko kashi da ke rayuwa sama da shekaru biyar bayan karɓar cutar) ya kai kashi 60.6 .

Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa wannan adadi ya haɗa da mutane na kowane zamani kuma tare da kowane nau'i na cutar sankarar bargo. Ba tsinkaya bane ga sakamako ga kowane mutum guda. Yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar likitanka don magance cutar sankarar bargo. Ka tuna cewa yanayin kowane mutum ya bambanta.