Mawallafi: Lewis Jackson
Ranar Halitta: 7 Yiwu 2021
Sabuntawa: 18 Nuwamba 2024
Anonim
Poliomyelitis (Poliovirus)
Video: Poliomyelitis (Poliovirus)

Wadatacce

Menene cutar shan inna?

Cutar shan inna (wanda aka fi sani da cutar shan inna) cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa ta hanyar kwayar cuta da ke kai hari ga tsarin juyayi. Yaran da shekarunsu suka gaza 5 sun fi kowace ƙungiya kamuwa da cutar.

A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), 1 cikin 200 da ke kamuwa da cutar shan inna zai haifar da nakasar dindindin. Koyaya, godiya ga yunƙurin kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya a cikin 1988, yankuna masu zuwa yanzu ba su da lasisin cutar shan inna:

  • Amurka
  • Turai
  • Yammacin Pacific
  • Kudu maso gabashin Asiya

An kirkiro rigakafin cutar shan inna a shekarar 1953 kuma aka samar dashi a shekarar 1957. Tun daga wannan lokacin cutar shan inna ta ragu a Amurka.

HealthGrove | Graphiq

Amma har yanzu cutar shan inna na ci gaba a Afghanistan, da Pakistan, da kuma Najeriya. Kawar da cutar shan inna zai amfani duniya ta fuskar lafiya da tattalin arziki. Kawar cutar shan inna na iya ajiyar aƙalla dala biliyan 40-50 a cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa.

Menene alamun cutar shan inna?

An kiyasta cewa kashi 95 zuwa 99 na mutanen da suka kamu da kwayar cutar shan inna ba su da matsala. Wannan sananne ne da cutar shan inna mai raɗaɗi. Ko da ba tare da alamomi ba, mutanen da suka kamu da cutar shan inna na iya yada kwayar ta haifar da kamuwa da cutar a cikin wasu.


Cutar shan inna da ba ta shan inna

Alamomi da alamomin cututtukan shan inna marasa ciwo na iya wucewa daga kwana ɗaya zuwa 10. Waɗannan alamu da alamomin na iya zama kamar mura kuma suna iya haɗawa da:

  • zazzaɓi
  • ciwon wuya
  • ciwon kai
  • amai
  • gajiya
  • cutar sankarau

Haka nan kuma cutar shan inna da ba ta shan inna kuma ana kiranta da cutar shan inna mai zubar da ciki.

Shanyayyen cutar shan inna

Kimanin kashi 1 cikin 100 na cututtukan shan inna na iya zama cutar shan inna. Cutar shan inna da ke shan inna na haifar da nakasa a cikin lakar kashin baya (kwayar cutar shan inna), ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa (bulbar polio), ko kuma duka biyun (bulbospinal polio).

Alamun farko suna kama da cutar shan inna. Amma bayan mako guda, alamun da suka fi tsanani za su bayyana. Wadannan alamun sun hada da:

  • asarar abubuwan tunani
  • mummunan spasms da ciwon tsoka
  • sako-sako da gabobin hannu, wani lokacin a gefe daya na jiki kawai
  • nakasa kwatsam, na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin
  • nakasassun gabobi, musamman ma kwatangwalo, sawu, da ƙafa

Ba safai ake samun cikakkiyar inna ba. duk shari’ar shan inna za ta haifar da nakasar dindindin. A cikin kashi 5-10 cikin 100 na cututtukan cututtukan shan inna, kwayar cutar za ta afka wa tsokoki waɗanda ke taimaka muku numfashi da haifar da mutuwa.


Ciwon shan inna bayan

Zai yiwu cutar shan inna ta dawo koda bayan kun warke. Wannan na iya faruwa bayan shekara 15 zuwa 40. Alamun gama gari na cututtukan bayan shan inna (PPS) sune:

  • ci gaba da tsoka da haɗin gwiwa
  • ciwon tsoka wanda ke ƙara muni
  • zama cikin gajiya ko kasala cikin sauki
  • lalacewar tsoka, wanda ake kira atrophy na tsoka
  • matsalar numfashi da haɗiyewa
  • barcin bacci, ko matsalolin numfashi masu nasaba da bacci
  • low haƙuri da yanayin sanyi
  • sabon farawa na rauni a cikin tsokoki marasa aiki
  • damuwa
  • matsala tare da maida hankali da ƙwaƙwalwa

Yi magana da likitanka idan kana da cutar shan inna kuma ka fara ganin waɗannan alamun. An kiyasta cewa kashi 25 zuwa 50 na mutanen da suka tsira daga cutar shan inna za su sami PPS. PPS ba za a iya kama wasu da ke da wannan cuta ba. Jiyya ya ƙunshi dabarun gudanarwa don inganta rayuwar ku da rage zafi ko gajiya.

Ta yaya kwayar cutar shan inna ke kamuwa da wani?

A matsayinta na kwayar cuta mai saurin yaduwa, cutar shan inna ke yadawa ta hanyar mu'amala da kayan dake dauke da cutar. Abubuwa kamar kayan wasan yara da suka kusanci kayan cikin mai cutar suma na iya yada kwayar cutar. Wani lokaci yana iya daukar kwayar cutar ta atishawa ko tari, tunda kwayar cutar na rayuwa a cikin makogwaro da hanji. Wannan ba shi da yawa.


Mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan da ke da karancin ruwan sha ko kuma bayan gida suna yawan shan kwayar cutar shan-inna daga ruwan shan da gurbataccen mutum ya gurbata. A cewar Mayo Clinic, kwayar tana yaduwa sosai ta yadda duk wanda ke zaune tare da wanda ke dauke da kwayar na iya kamuwa da shi.

Mata masu juna biyu, mutanen da ke da rauni game da garkuwar jikinsu - kamar wadanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV - da yara kanana su ne suka fi kamuwa da kwayar cutar shan inna.

Idan ba a yi maka rigakafi ba, za ka iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar shan inna idan ka:

  • tafiya zuwa yankin da aka sami bullar cutar shan inna kwanan nan
  • kula ko zama tare da wanda ya kamu da cutar shan inna
  • kula da dakin gwajin kwayar cutar
  • a cire maka kayanka
  • samun matsanancin damuwa ko aiki mai wahala bayan kamuwa da kwayar

Ta yaya likitoci ke tantance cutar shan inna?

Likitanku zai binciko cutar shan inna ta hanyar duba alamunku. Za su yi gwajin jiki kuma su nemi ƙarancin tunani, baya da wuya, ko wahalar daga kai yayin kwance.

Hakanan dakunan gwaje-gwaje za su gwada samfurin makogwaron ku, kujerun ku, ko ruwan sankarau don kwayar cutar shan inna.

Yaya likitoci ke kula da cutar shan inna?

Doctors kawai za su iya magance alamun yayin cutar ta ci gaba. Amma tunda babu magani, hanya mafi kyau don magance cutar shan inna ita ce hana ta da allurar rigakafi.

Magungunan tallafi na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

  • kwanciyar hutu
  • maganin ciwo
  • antispasmodic kwayoyi don shakata tsokoki
  • maganin rigakafi don cututtukan fitsari
  • latorsan iska masu motsi don taimakawa da numfashi
  • maganin jiki ko takalmin gyaran fuska don taimakawa tafiya
  • gammalar dumama ko tawul masu dumi don sauƙaƙan ciwon tsoka da zafin jiki
  • maganin jiki don magance ciwo a cikin tsokoki da abin ya shafa
  • maganin jiki don magance matsalolin numfashi da na huhu
  • gyaran huhu don ƙara ƙarfin huhu

A lamuran ci gaba na rauni na ƙafa, ƙila kana buƙatar keken guragu ko wani abin motsi.

Yadda za a hana cutar shan inna

Hanya mafi kyau ta rigakafin cutar shan inna ita ce ta yin rigakafin. Ya kamata yara suyi maganin cutar shan inna bisa ga tsarin rigakafin da (CDC) ya gabatar.

Tsarin rigakafin CDC

Shekaru
Watanni 2Kashi daya
Wata 4Kashi daya
6 zuwa 18 watanniKashi daya
4 zuwa 6 shekaruBooster kashi

Farashin rigakafin cutar shan inna ga yara

HealthGrove | Graphiq

A wasu lokuta da yawa waɗannan harbe-harben na iya haifar da halayen rashin lafiya ko mai tsanani, kamar:

  • matsalolin numfashi
  • zazzabi mai zafi
  • jiri
  • amya
  • kumburin makogwaro
  • saurin bugun zuciya

Manya a Amurka ba su cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar shan inna. Babban haɗari shine lokacin tafiya zuwa yankin da har yanzu cutar shan inna ta zama gama gari. Tabbatar samun jerin harbe-harbe kafin tafiya.

Allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna a duniya

Gabaɗaya, al'amuran cutar shan inna sun ragu da kashi 99. Kawai mutane 74 ne aka ruwaito a shekarar 2015.

HealthGrove | Graphiq

Cutar shan inna har yanzu tana ci gaba a Afghanistan, Pakistan, da Najeriya.

Daga tarihin cutar shan inna zuwa yanzu

Cutar shan inna cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa wanda ke iya haifar da jijiyoyi da gurguntar kwakwalwa. Ya fi shafar yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 5. Lamarin cutar shan inna ya kai kololuwa a Amurka a cikin 1952 tare da rahoton da aka bayar da rahoton 57,623. Tunda dokar Taimakawa rigakafin Polio, Amurka bata da cutar shan inna tun shekara ta 1979.

Yayin da wasu kasashen da dama kuma ba su da rigakafin cutar shan inna, amma kwayar cutar na ci gaba da aiki a kasashen da ba su fara kamfen din ba. A cewar, ko da guda daya tabbatar da cutar shan inna na jefa kananan yara a duk kasashe cikin hadari.

An shirya Afghanistan ta fara aikin rigakafin ta a farkon Oktoba da Nuwamba na 2016. Ranakun Rigakafin Rigakafin Kasa da na Kasa da Kasa an tsara kuma yana gudana ga kasashe a Afirka ta Yamma. Kuna iya kasancewa tare da raunin rikice-rikice akan gidan yanar gizon Global Polio Elimination Initiative.

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