Tsabtace vs Rarraba vs Ruwan Ruwa: Menene Bambanci?

Wadatacce

• Menene Tsarkakakken Ruwa?
• Amfanin Lafiya a Tsarkakakken Ruwa
• Downaukawar Ruwan Tsarkakewa
• Rataccen Ruwa Wani Nau'in Tsabtace Ruwa ne
• Fa'idojin Ruwa Mai Ruwa
• Hadarin da ke tattare da Ruwan Ruwa
• Shin Ya Kamata Ka Zaba Tsarkakakken Ruwa Akan Ruwa Na Rana?
• Yadda zaka tsarkake Ruwan Shan ka
• Layin .asa

Ingantaccen shan ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga lafiyar ku.

Kowane sel a jikinku yana buƙatar ruwa don aiki yadda yakamata, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa dole ne ku ci gaba da shayarwa kullum.

Yawancin mutane sun san mahimmancin shan ruwa, amma wasu suna rikicewa game da mafi kyawun ruwan da za su sha.

Wannan labarin yana bincika bambance-bambance tsakanin tsarkakakke, tsabtataccen ruwa na yau da kullun don gano wanne ne mafi kyawun zaɓi don shayarwa.

Menene Tsarkakakken Ruwa?

Tsarkakakken ruwa shine ruwa da aka tace ko aka sarrafa shi don cire ƙazanta kamar su sinadarai da sauran abubuwan gurɓatawa.

Yawanci ana samar dashi ta amfani da ruwan ƙasa ko ruwan famfo.

Ta hanyar tsarkakewa, an cire nau'ikan ƙazamta da yawa, gami da ():

• Kwayar cuta
• Algae
• Naman gwari
• Parasites
• Karafa kamar tagulla da gubar
• Masu gurɓatar sinadarai

Ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa don tsarkake ruwa ta kasuwanci da cikin gida.

A mafi yawan kasashen Yammacin duniya, ana tsarkake ruwan sha ga jama'a domin sanya ruwa mai amfani ga dan Adam.

Koyaya, ƙa'idodin ruwan sha a duk duniya sun bambanta kuma yawanci suna dogara ne da ƙa'idodin gwamnati ko ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya.

A zahiri, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa sama da mutane biliyan 2.1 ba su da tsabtataccen ruwan sha ().

A cikin ƙasashe waɗanda ke tsarkake ruwan sha na jama'a, ana amfani da hanyoyin magani daban-daban don tsabtace ruwa, gami da ():

• Coagulation da flocculation: Ana ƙara ƙwayoyin sunadarai masu inganci a cikin ruwa don ɗaure tare da ɓoyayyun ƙwayoyin wuta don haka za a iya tace su. Wannan yana samar da manyan kwayoyi wadanda ake kira floc.
• Rashin hankali: Saboda girman girmansa, floc yana sauka zuwa gindin samarda ruwan, ya rabu da ruwa mai tsafta.
• Tacewa: Ruwan tsabta a saman wadatar sannan yana gudana ta cikin tsarin tacewa da yawa da aka yi da yashi, gawayi da tsakuwa. Wannan yana cire abubuwan gurɓatawa kamar ƙura, ƙwayoyin cuta, sunadarai da ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Disinfection: A yayin wannan matakin, ana sanya magungunan kashe sinadarai kamar chlorine a cikin ruwa don kashe duk sauran ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta da suka iya tsallake matakan farko.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ana iya magance ruwa daban dangane da yanki da ingancin ruwan gida.

Takaitawa: Tsarkakakken ruwa shine ruwa da aka sarrafa shi don cire gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar datti da sunadarai. A kasashe da yawa, ana tsarkake ruwan famfo don sanya shi amintacce don cin abincin ɗan adam.

Amfanin Lafiya a Tsarkakakken Ruwa

Duk da yake ruwan famfo lafiyayye ne a sha a yankuna da yawa, har yanzu yana iya ƙunsar alamun gurɓatattun abubuwa.

Misali, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) ta sanya iyakokin doka waɗanda ake ɗaukarsu masu aminci ga masu amfani da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen 90 a cikin ruwan sha (4).

Koyaya, Dokar Shayar da Tsabtace Ruwa ta ba wa kowane mutum ikon tsara ƙa'idodin ruwan shan su, matuƙar sun cika ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin EPA na gurɓatattun abubuwa (5).

Wannan yana nufin cewa wasu jihohin suna da tsauraran ƙa'idodin ruwan sha fiye da wasu.

Kodayake ana ɗaukar matakai don tabbatar da cewa ruwan sha na jama'a lafiyayye ne don amfani, yana iya ƙunsar alamun gurɓatattun abubuwa waɗanda zasu iya shafar lafiyar.

Misali, manyan karafa da gubar jan ƙarfe suna da haɗari ga lafiyar jiki. Suna iya haifar da damuwa na ciki kuma suna haifar da lalacewar kwakwalwa yayin shayar cikin lokaci (,).

Wadannan sanannun karafan an san su suna shiga cikin ruwan sha, hatta a cikin kasashen da suke da hanyoyin sarrafa ruwan jama'a sosai ().

Ta amfani da matatun ruwa na cikin gida ko shan tsarkakakken ruwan kwalba, ruwan sha yana shan wani matakin tsarkakewa wanda zai iya cire karafa, sinadarai da sauran gurbatattun abubuwa, ya danganta da nau'in tsarin tsarkakewar da aka yi amfani da shi.

Tsarin tsabtace ruwa kamar matatar gawayi na cire sinadarin chlorine, wani sinadarin gama gari wanda aka hada shi da ruwan jama'a a matsayin mai kashe kwayar cutar.

Yawancin karatu sun danganta ruwan da aka sanya shi cikin haɗarin haɗarin wasu cututtukan kansa, gami da sankarar kansa (,).

Wata fa'idar tsarkakewar ruwa ita ce cewa yana cire dandanon mara dadi wanda yake hade da jiyya na sinadarai, kwayoyin halitta ko aikin ruwan famfo na karfe, yana barin ku da ruwan sha mai sabo, mai daɗin ɗanɗano.

Takaitawa: Tsabtace ruwa yana cire gurɓatattun abubuwa waɗanda zasu iya kasancewa cikin ruwan sha kuma suna inganta ƙimar ruwa da dandano.

Downaukawar Ruwan Tsarkakewa

Duk da yake tsarkakakken ruwa yana da fa'idodi da yawa ga lafiya, amma kuma yana da wasu matsaloli na daban.

Misali, sinadarin fluoride wani ma'adinai ne wanda ake karawa cikin ruwan sha na jama'a a wasu kasashe dan inganta lafiyar hakori da rage lalata hakora ().

Kodayake wannan aikin ya haifar da raguwar ruɓan haƙori a cikin yara, musamman ma a wuraren da ke cikin haɗari, wasu suna jayayya cewa ruwan da ke ciki bai dace da haɗarin lafiyar da ke tattare da amfani da shi ba.

Matakan fluoride mai yawa na iya zama mai guba ga kwakwalwa da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin, kuma an danganta ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo zuwa babban matakan fluoride da ilmantarwa, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da rashi fahimta ().

Koyaya, masana suna jayayya cewa matakin fluoride da ake samu a cikin ruwan sha yana da aminci kuma yana da amfani wajen rage ruɓewar haƙori, musamman ga yaran da kawai ake sha da fluoride ta ruwan sha ().

Ana ci gaba da bincike kan kare lafiya da ingancin ruwa mai gurbataccen ruwa, amma wadanda suka sha tsarkakakken ruwa ya kamata su sani cewa wasu tsarukan tsarkakewa suna cire fluoride daga ruwan sha.

Wasu sauran rashin dacewar tsarkakakken ruwa sun hada da:

• Tsayawa: Dole ne a kiyaye tsabtace ruwa a kai a kai. Idan ba a kiyaye shi da kyau ba, gurɓatattun abubuwa na iya haɓaka a cikin tsofaffin matatun kuma su kutsa cikin ruwan shanku.
• Ba za a iya cire wasu abubuwa masu gurɓatawa ba: Kodayake tsarin tsarkake ruwa yana cire gurbatattun abubuwa da yawa, wasu magungunan kashe qwari da sunadarai na iya kasancewa cikin ruwa tsarkakakke gwargwadon nau'in tsarkakewar da akayi amfani dashi.
• Kudin: Duk shigar da tsarin tsarkake ruwa a cikin gida da kuma sayen tsarkakakken ruwan kwalba na iya zama mai tsada, tare da wasu tsarukan da ake biyan daruruwan daloli.
• Sharar gida: Siyan tsarkakakken ruwa a cikin kwalaben roba yana haifar da asara mai yawa, kamar yadda zubar da matattun da aka yi amfani da su daga tsarin tsabtace gida.

Takaitawa: Tsabtace ruwa bazai cire duk abin gurɓatawa daga ruwan sha ba, kuma wasu tsarukan tsarkakewa na iya zama tsada da kuma kulawa. Wasu hanyoyi tsarkakewa suna cire fluoride, ma'adinai da aka ƙara akan ruwan sha don inganta lafiyar haƙori.

Rataccen Ruwa Wani Nau'in Tsabtace Ruwa ne

Ruwan da aka kwarara ya bi ta hanyar narkewa don cire ƙazanta.

Rarrabawa ya haɗa da ruwan zãfi da tattara tururi, wanda ya koma ruwa bayan sanyaya.

Wannan aikin yana da matukar tasiri wajen cire abubuwa masu gurɓata kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayar cuta kamar giardia da sunadarai kamar gubar da kuma sulfate (14).

Dangane da gaskiyar cewa gurbataccen ruwan yana da tsafta musamman, ana amfani dashi galibi a wuraren kiwon lafiya da dakunan gwaje-gwaje.

Kodayake shan ruwa mai gurɓatacce ba shi da yawa kamar shan wasu nau'in tsarkakakkun ruwa, wasu mutane sun zaɓi sha shi saboda ba shi da gurɓataccen abu.

Fa'idojin Ruwa Mai Ruwa

Rarraba ruwa hanya ce mai tasiri don cire gurɓata daga ruwan sha.

Matakan magungunan kashe qwari da sauran sinadarai a cikin hanyoyin samar da ruwan sha na jama'a kamar ruwan famfo zai dogara ne da wurin da kuke da kuma hukumomin da ke tsara lafiyar ruwan sha a cikin qasarku.

Rataccen ruwa bashi da asali daga gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar magungunan ƙwari da ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda zai iya taimakawa musamman ga waɗanda ke da raunin garkuwar jiki.

Misali, wadanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV / AIDs da wasu cututtukan daji suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta daga ƙazanta cikin abinci da ruwa kuma suna iya cin gajiyar shan ruwa mai tsafta ().

Abin da ya fi haka, kamar wasu hanyoyin tsarkakewa, ruwa mai narkewa yadda ya kamata na cire chlorine daga ruwan sha, wanda zai iya inganta dandano na ruwa yayin rage tasirin ku ga chlorine.

Hadarin da ke tattare da Ruwan Ruwa

Duk da yake gurbataccen ruwa shine mafi kyawun nau'in ruwa, ba lallai bane ya zama mai lafiya.

Tsarin narkewar yana da matukar tasiri wajen cire gurbatattun abubuwa, amma kuma yana cire ma'adanai da wutan lantarki wanda yake cikin ruwa.

Tare da ƙazantattun abubuwan ƙazanta, ma'adanai masu amfani kamar alli da magnesium suma an barsu a baya yayin da tururin yake tashi yayin aikin ɓarkewa.

A zahiri, narkewa yawanci yana cire kusan 99.9% na dukkan ma'adanai da ake samu a cikin ruwan famfo (16).

Kodayake yawanci ba a yin tunanin ruwa a matsayin tushen ma'adanai, duk wani abin da ke haifar da raguwar ƙarancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya cutar da lafiyar ku.

Misali, ruwan sha mai ƙarancin alli da magnesium an haɗashi da haɗarin karyewa, haihuwa kafin lokacin haihuwa da cututtukan zuciya (,).

Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ruwan famfo ba shine babban tushen cin ma'adinai ga mafi yawan mutane ba, kuma shan ruwan da ya sha ruwa ya zama mai aminci in dai ana bin tsarin abinci mai kyau.

Kamar sauran hanyoyin tsarkakewa, distillation yana cire fluoride daga ruwan sha, wanda zai iya sanya waɗanda suka zaɓi shan ruwan da aka sha a cikin haɗarin kogon.

Wannan ya sa ya zama mahimmanci ga waɗanda suka sha ruwa mai tsafta don kiyaye tsabtar haƙori mai kyau.

Takaitawa: Rataccen ruwa wani nau'in tsabtataccen ruwa ne wanda yake da asali daga gurɓacewa. Tsarin narkewar yana cire sinadarin fluoride da ma'adanai na ƙasa waɗanda ake samu a cikin ruwan sha.

Shin Ya Kamata Ka Zaba Tsarkakakken Ruwa Akan Ruwa Na Rana?

A mafi yawan lokuta, tushen ruwan sha na jama'a kamar ruwan famfo ba shi da hadari saboda tsananin iyakokin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen tsari wanda hukumomin sarrafawa suka sanya.

Koyaya, ruwan sha na iya gurɓata daga asalin halitta ko ayyukan ɗan adam, yana shafar ingancin ruwa (19).

A saboda wannan dalili, yana iya zama kyakkyawan ra'ayin sanya hannun jari a cikin tsarin tsarkake ruwa a cikin gida, musamman waɗanda ke da rigakafin rigakafi da kuma saurin kamuwa da cutar daga gurɓataccen ruwa.

A cikin ƙasashe inda gurɓataccen ruwa yake magana, musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa waɗanda ba su da tsafta mai kyau, zaɓar ruwan kwalba ko tsarkakakken ruwa koyaushe shine mafi kyawun zaɓi.

Akwai nau'ikan tsarin tsarkakewa da yawa, gami da gawayi da matatun UV, waɗanda ke cire ƙazantar da ke iya tsira daga farkon, babban aikin tsarkakewa wanda yawancin ruwan famfo ke bi.

An faɗi haka, a cikin ƙasashe inda ake tsara ruwan sha na jama'a don inganci da aminci, ruwan famfo mai ƙarancin aminci.

Idan kayi tambaya game da ingancin ruwan famfo, zaka iya gwada ruwan ta hanyar siyan kayan gwajin gida ko tuntuɓar hukumar gwajin ruwa a yankinka.

Takaitawa: Kodayake shan ruwan famfo yana da aminci a ƙasashe inda aka tsara ruwan sha, tsarkake ruwa na iya zama dole a yankunan da gurɓataccen ruwa yake batun.

Yadda zaka tsarkake Ruwan Shan ka

Yawancin hanyoyin samun ruwan sha na jama'a an tsara su ne don aminci, amma wasu mutane sun zaɓi amfani da tsabtace ruwan gida don ƙara inganta ƙimar ruwa.

Rukunin kula da ruwa na gida na iya inganta dandano ko ƙanshin ruwan famfo da cire takamaiman abin gurɓata.

Tsarin amfani da-amfani (POU) tsabtace ruwan da ake amfani dashi don sha (sha da dafa abinci). Tsarin shigarwa (PUE) tsarin kulawa yawanci yana magance dukkan ruwan da yake shiga gida (20).

Tsarin POU basu da tsada kuma saboda haka anfi amfani dasu a cikin gidaje.

Wadannan tsarukan tacewa suna mannewa da bututun ruwa ko kuma suna zaune a karkashin wankin kuma sun shigo cikin randunan ruwa masu tsafta tare da ginannun matattara kamar mashahurin matatar ruwa ta Brita.

Wasu firiji suma suna zuwa da tsarin tsabtace ruwa.

Yawancin tsarin tsaftace ruwa a cikin gida suna amfani da dabaru tsarkakewa masu zuwa ():

• Tacewa: Tsarin tsaftacewa yana kama tarkacen da ba a so a cikin farfajiyar ko pores na matsakaiciyar matsakaici. Matatun gawayi sun shiga wannan rukuni.
• Baya osmosis: Waɗannan tsarin suna amfani da membrane mai gaɓo wanda zai cire ƙazanta.
• UV haske: Tsarin tace hasken UV yana amfani da hasken ultraviolet don tsabtace ruwa ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Dogaro da nau'in da samfurin, farashin na iya kaiwa daga $ 20 zuwa ɗaruruwan daloli.

Ko da wane nau'in matatar da kuka zaba, tabbatar da neman samfuran tare da takaddun shaida daga hukumomin gudanarwa kamar ardsungiyar Standasa ta Amurka (ANSI) da NSF International.

Waɗannan hukumomin suna tabbatar da cewa tsarin tsabtace ruwa na gida ya cika ko ya wuce matsayin ruwan sha na ƙasa (22).

Dole ne a kiyaye tsarin tsabtace ruwa na gida yadda ya kamata. Sakamakon haka, yana da mahimmanci a bi shawarwarin masana'antun don kulawa, gami da sauya matatun, don tabbatar da cewa ana tsarkake ruwanka da kyau.

Takaitawa: Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don tsarkake ruwan shanku, gami da matattarar gawayi, tsarin tace hasken UV da kuma tsarin osmosis.

Layin .asa

Samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha na da mahimmanci ga lafiya.

Duk da yake yawancin hanyoyin samun ruwan sha na jama'a an tsara su sosai kuma suna da aminci don sha, da yawa sun gwammace su sha tsarkakakken ruwa.

Tsabtataccen ruwa bashi da aminci kuma yana iya rage bayyanar da wasu abubuwa masu gurɓatawa wanda za'a iya samu a ruwan famfo.

Ka tuna cewa ingancin ruwa na iya bambanta dangane da inda kake zaune. Wannan ya kamata ya zama abin tantancewa yayin zabar shan tsarkakakken ruwa ko ruwan famfo.