Ire-iren Schizophrenia

Wadatacce

• Halin DSM-5 na yanzu
• Tyananan nau'ikan schizophrenia
• Paranoid schizophrenia
• Hebephrenic / rashin tsari schizophrenia
• Shishophrenia mara bambanci
• Sauran schizophrenia
• Shiszophrenia na catatonic
• Yara ilimin sikandire
• Yanayi masu alaƙa da sikizophrenia
• Ciwon Schizoaffective
• Sauran yanayi masu alaƙa
• Takeaway

Menene schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia cuta ce ta rashin hankali wanda ke shafar:

• motsin rai
• ikon yin tunani bisa hankali da bayyane
• ikon hulɗa tare da dangantaka da wasu

Dangane da Allianceungiyar Kawance kan Rashin Lafiya ta Hankali (NAMI), schizophrenia yana shafar kusan kashi 1 na Amurkawa. Yawanci ana bincika shi a ƙarshen ƙuruciya ko farkon 20s ga maza, da ƙarshen 20s ko farkon 30s a cikin mata.

Yanayin rashin lafiya na iya zuwa ya tafi, kwatankwacin rashin lafiya a cikin gafartawa. Lokacin da akwai lokacin “aiki”, mutum na iya fuskantar:

• mafarki
• yaudara
• matsala tunani da tattara hankali
• tasiri mai faɗi

Halin DSM-5 na yanzu

Rikice-rikice da yawa suna da canje-canje na bincike waɗanda aka yi a cikin sabon "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition," ciki har da schizophrenia. A baya, mutum kawai yana da ɗayan alamun bayyanar da za a gano shi. Yanzu, dole ne mutum yana da aƙalla alamun biyu.

Hakanan DSM-5 ya kawar da ƙananan nau'ikan azaman ƙididdigar bincike daban, dangane da alamar gabatarwa. An gano wannan ba mai taimako ba, tun da yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan sun haɗu da juna kuma ana tsammanin za su rage ingancin binciken, a cewar Psyungiyar chiwararrun Americanwararrun Amurka.

Madadin haka, waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan yanzu sune masu tantancewa don gano ainihin cutar, don samar da cikakkun bayanai ga likitan.

Tyananan nau'ikan schizophrenia

Kodayake ƙananan nau'ikan ba su wanzu azaman rikice-rikice na asibiti ba kuma, har yanzu suna iya zama masu taimako azaman masu tantancewa da kuma tsarin kulawa. Akwai nau'ikan kayan kwalliya guda biyar:

• rashin hankali
• hebephrenic
• babu bambanci
• saura
• catatonic

Paranoid schizophrenia

Paranoid schizophrenia ya kasance mafi yawan nau'in schizophrenia. A cikin 2013, Psyungiyar Psywararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Amurkawa ta ƙaddara cewa paranoia alama ce mai kyau ta rashin lafiya, don haka paranoid schizophrenia ba yanayi ne daban ba. Saboda haka, sai kawai aka canza shi zuwa schizophrenia.

Har yanzu ana amfani da kwatancen ƙaramin rubutu duk da haka, saboda yadda yake kowa. Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• yaudara
• mafarki
• maganganun da ba a tsara ba (kalmar salatin, echolalia)
• matsalar tattara hankali
• lalacewar halayyar mutum (motsin rai, tasirin motsa rai)
• lebur shafi

Salatin kalma alama ce ta magana inda kalmomin bazuwar suna haɗuwa tare da tsari mai ma'ana.

Hebephrenic / rashin tsari schizophrenia

Hebephrenic ko rashin tsari schizophrenia har yanzu ana gane shi ta Statididdigar Internationalasashen Duniya na Cututtuka da Matsalolin Kiwan Lafiya (ICD-10), kodayake an cire shi daga DSM-5.

A cikin wannan bambancin na schizophrenia, mutum ba shi da mafarki ko yaudara. Madadin haka, suna fuskantar rashin tsari da magana. Wannan na iya haɗawa da:

• lebur shafi
• maganganun damuwa
• gurbataccen tunani
• motsin zuciyar da bai dace ba ko halayen fuska
• matsala tare da ayyukan yau da kullun

Shishophrenia mara bambanci

Schizophrenia da ba a rarrabe ba ita ce kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don bayyana lokacin da mutum ya nuna halaye waɗanda suka dace da fiye da nau'i na schizophrenia. Misali, mutumin da ke da halayyar catatonic amma kuma yana da tunani ko tunani, tare da salatin kalma, mai yiwuwa an bincikar shi da cutar schizophrenia.

Tare da sababbin ka'idojin bincike, wannan kawai yana nunawa ga likitan cewa akwai alamun alamun da yawa.

Sauran schizophrenia

Wannan "subtype" yana da ɗan dabara. An yi amfani da shi lokacin da mutum ya gano cutar schizophrenia a baya amma ba shi da sauran manyan alamun cutar. Kwayoyin cutar gabaɗaya sun ragu cikin ƙarfi.

Sauran schizophrenia galibi ya haɗa da alamun “mara kyau”, kamar:

• shararren shafi
• matsalolin psychomotor
• jinkirin magana
• rashin tsafta

Mutane da yawa da ke fama da cutar sikizophrenia suna wucewa lokaci inda alamunsu ke yin rauni da raguwa kuma suka bambanta a cikin mita da ƙarfi. Saboda haka, ba a cika amfani da wannan nadin ba.

Shiszophrenia na catatonic

Kodayake scatzophrenia na catatonic wani yanki ne a cikin bugowar DSM da ta gabata, an yi jayayya a baya cewa catatonia ya kamata ya zama mafi yawan tsinkaye. Wannan saboda yana faruwa ne a cikin nau'ikan yanayin tabin hankali da kuma yanayin kiwon lafiya na gama gari.

Gabaɗaya yana gabatar da kanta azaman rashin motsi, amma kuma yana iya zama kamar:

• kwaikwayon hali
• mutism
• yanayi mara kyau

Yara ilimin sikandire

Shiszophrenia na yara ba ƙaramin tsari bane, amma ana amfani dashi don nuni zuwa lokacin ganowar cutar. Binciken asali a cikin yara baƙon abu bane.

Lokacin da ya faru, zai iya zama mai tsanani. Shizophrenia-farkon-fara yawanci yakan faru ne tsakanin shekaru 13 zuwa 18. Ganowar da ke ƙasa da shekaru 13 ana ɗaukarta farkon-farawa, kuma yana da wuya sosai.

Kwayar cututtuka a cikin ƙananan yara suna kama da na cututtukan ci gaba, irin su autism da rashin kulawa da ƙarancin kulawa (ADHD). Wadannan alamun na iya haɗawa da:

• jinkirin yare
• makara ko rarrafe ko tafiya da baƙon abu
• motsin motsawa mara kyau

Yana da mahimmanci a kawar da batutuwan ci gaba yayin la'akari da farkon ganowar cutar schizophrenia.

Kwayar cututtuka a cikin manyan yara da matasa sun haɗa da:

• janyewar zamantakewa
• rikicewar bacci
• lalacewar aikin makaranta
• bacin rai
• m hali
• amfani da abu

Individualsananan yara ba su da wahalar tunani, amma suna iya samun mafarki. Yayinda matasa suka fara tsufa, yawancin alamun cututtukan schizophrenia kamar waɗanda ke cikin manya galibi suna fitowa.

Yana da mahimmanci a sami ƙwararren masani yayi bincike game da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa ta yara, saboda ba kasafai ake samun sa ba. Yana da mahimmanci don kawar da duk wani yanayin, gami da amfani da abu ko batun likita.

Kulawa ya kamata ya zama jagorancin likitan mahaukaci tare da ƙwarewar ilimin ƙuruciya na yara. Yawanci ya haɗa da haɗuwa da jiyya kamar:

• magunguna
• hanyoyin kwantar da hankali
• ƙwarewar horo
• kwanciya asibiti, in da hali

Yanayi masu alaƙa da sikizophrenia

Ciwon Schizoaffective

Rashin lafiyar Schizoaffective yanayi ne daban kuma daban da schizophrenia, amma wani lokacin ana cakuɗe dashi. Wannan rikicewar yana da abubuwa na sikizophrenia da rikicewar yanayi.

Siswayar kwakwalwa - wacce ke tattare da rasa ma'amala da gaskiyar - galibi abu ne mai haɗawa. Rashin lafiyar yanayi na iya haɗawa da ko cutar taɓarɓarewar jiki ko baƙin ciki.

Ciwon Schizoaffective yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin nau'ikan ƙananan abubuwa dangane da ko mutum yana da raunin ɓacin rai ne kawai, ko kuma suma suna da aukuwa ta jikin mutum tare da ko ba tare da damuwa ba. Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• tunanin paranoid
• yaudara ko mafarki
• matsalar tattara hankali
• damuwa
• hyperactivity ko mania
• rashin tsaftar jiki
• rikicewar abinci
• rikicewar bacci
• janyewar zamantakewa
• gurɓataccen tunani ko halayya

Ganewar asali yawanci ana yin sa ne ta hanyar cikakken gwajin jiki, hira, da kimantawa na ƙwaƙwalwa. Yana da mahimmanci a cire duk wani yanayin likita ko wata cuta ta tabin hankali kamar cutar bipolar. Magunguna sun haɗa da:

• magunguna
• rukuni ko maganin mutum
• horo kan ƙwarewar rayuwa

Sauran yanayi masu alaƙa

Sauran yanayi masu alaƙa da cutar schizophrenia sun haɗa da:

• cuta ta ruɗi
• taƙaitacciyar cuta ta hankali
• cutar schizophreniform

Hakanan zaka iya fuskantar psychosis tare da yawan yanayin kiwon lafiya.

Takeaway

Schizophrenia yanayi ne mai rikitarwa. Ba duk wanda aka binciki shi zai sami ainihin alamun bayyanar ko gabatarwar ba.

Kodayake ba a ƙara gano ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ba, har yanzu ana amfani da su azaman masu ba da labari don taimakawa cikin shirin maganin asibiti. Fahimtar bayanai game da kananan siffofi da sikizophrenia gaba daya na iya taimaka muku wajen kula da yanayinku.

Tare da cikakken ganewar asali, ƙwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya zasu iya ƙirƙirar ku kuma aiwatar da su.