Me yasa Allurar Smallaramar Leavearamar ke Leaveauke masa Raɗa?

Wadatacce

• Ta yaya alurar riga kafi ta yi aiki?
• Me yasa tabo ya faru?
• BCG da ƙananan tabo
• Nasihu don ɓata tabo
• Takeaway

Bayani

Kananan cuta cuta ce ta hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri wanda ke haifar da fitowar fata da zazzabi. Yayinda aka fi samun yaduwar kananan yara a karni na 20, an kiyasta mutane 3 cikin 10 sun mutu daga kwayar yayin da wasu da yawa suka kasance marasa mutunci, a cewar.

Abin farin, masu bincike sun sami damar kirkirar allurar rigakafin wannan kwayar. Cutar da aka yi wa allura kwayar cuta ce ta rayuwa, amma ba ita ce kwayar cutar variola da aka san tana haifar da karamar cuta ba. Maimakon haka, ana allurar kwayar cutar ne. Saboda wannan kwayar cutar tana kamanceceniya da kwayar cutar variola, jiki yawanci yana iya yin isassun ƙwayoyin cuta don yaƙar kwayar cutar kanana.

Ta hanyar yaduwar gudanar da allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna, likitoci sun bayyana kwayar cutar ta shan inna “ta bace” a Amurka a shekarar 1952. A shekarar 1972, allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna ta daina kasancewa wani bangare na rigakafin cutar a Amurka.

Kirkirar allurar rigakafin cutar sankarau babbar nasara ce ga likitoci. Amma maganin ya bar baya da alama ko tabo.

Duk da yake mafi yawan mutanen da ke da tabon allurar rigakafin kananan yara sun tsufa, amma Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya da Hidimar Jama'a ta Amurka ta ba da allurar bayan 1972 ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da kungiyoyin masu ba da amsa kanana daga sassan kiwon lafiya saboda tsoron ana iya amfani da kwayar cutar ta shan inna a matsayin makamin halittu ta 'yan ta'adda.

Ta yaya alurar riga kafi ta yi aiki?

Ana gabatar da allurar rigakafin kananan yara ta wata hanya ta musamman idan aka kwatanta da sauran alluran rigakafin da ake amfani da su a yau. Misali, ana gabatar da harba mura a sandar-lokaci guda ta amfani da allurar allura guda daya wacce take ratsa fata da yawa zuwa cikin tsoka. Ana bayar da allurar rigakafin cutar sankarau ta hanyar amfani da allura ta musamman ta biyu (biyu-biyu). Maimakon huda fata lokaci ɗaya, mutumin da ke yin allurar rigakafin zai yi huda da yawa a cikin fata don isar da kwayar cutar zuwa ga fata na fata, wanda shine layin da ke ƙasan epidermis wanda duniya ke iya gani. Alurar rigakafin ba ta shiga cikin zurfin layin fata, kamar su cutarikin fata.

Lokacin da kwayar cutar ta isa wannan layin, sai ta fara ninka. Wannan yana haifar da ƙaramin karo, zagaye wanda aka sani da papule don haɓaka. Daga nan papule ya zama vesicle, wanda yayi kama da boro mai cike da ruwa. Daga qarshe, wannan yanki mai kumbura zai fantsama. Duk da yake wannan yana nuna abin da likitoci galibi ke ɗauka azaman rigakafin nasara, yana iya barin alama ga wasu mutane.

Me yasa tabo ya faru?

Scars kamar ƙananan ƙwayar rigakafin ƙwayar cuta ta samo asali saboda tsarin warkarwa na jiki. Lokacin da fatar ta ji rauni (kamar yana tare da allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna), jiki yana saurin amsawa don gyara kayan. Sakamakon shine tabo, wanda har yanzu shine fatar fata, amma ana shirya zaren fatar a hanya guda maimakon ɗimbin hanyoyi kamar sauran fatar. Kwayoyin fata na al'ada suna ɗaukar lokaci don girma yayin da ƙwayar tabo na iya girma da sauri. Duk da yake sakamakon yana da kariya, ana iya barin mutane tare da tuni mai tuni game da raunin fata.

Ga galibin mutane, tabo na karamin karamin karamin karami ne, mai zagaye wanda yake kasa da fatar da ke kewaye da ita. Yawancin tabo na mutane basu fi girman girman goge fensir ba, kodayake wasu na iya samun manyan tabo. Wasu lokuta suna iya zama ƙaiƙayi kuma fata yana jin ƙarar kusa da su. Wannan sakamakon halitta ne na ci gaban nama.

Wasu mutane suna da martani daban-daban na raunin rauni na fata. Suna iya zama masu saukin kamuwa da ƙirƙirar ƙwayar tabo mai yawa a cikin hanyar keloid. Wannan tabo ne mai tasowa wanda yayi girma sakamakon amsar rauni na fata. An san su ne da yin kafaɗa a kafaɗa kuma suna iya haifar da ɗagawa, yaɗa tabo wanda yake kama da wani abu da ya zube kan fatar kuma yayi tauri. Doctors ba su san dalilin da yasa wasu mutane ke samun keloids wasu kuma ba. Sun san waɗanda suke da tarihin keloids (masu shekaru 10 zuwa 30), kuma waɗanda suka fito daga Afirka, Asiya, ko asalin Hispanic suna iya samun keloids, a cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Cutar Fata ta Amurka.

Yayinda ake yawan damuwa game da cutar shan inna, samun tabon alurar rigakafin cutar sankarau alama ce mai fa'ida saboda jami'an kiwon lafiya na iya zaton an yiwa mutum rigakafin cutar. Misali, an san jami’an kula da shige da fice a tsibirin Ellis da ke New York don su duba makamai baƙi don kasancewar allurar rigakafin cutar sankarau kafin a ba su izinin shiga Amurka.

Duk da samuwar tabo, an san maganin rigakafin saboda haifar da raunin illa idan aka ba shi a hannu, idan aka kwatanta da gindi ko wasu yankuna.

BCG da ƙananan tabo

Baya ga tabo da aka sani daga allurar rigakafin karamin, akwai wani maganin rigakafin da ke haifar da irin wannan tabon. Wannan ana kiranta da Bacillus Calmette-Guérin ko rigakafin BCG. Ana amfani da wannan rigakafin don kare mutane daga tarin fuka na ɗan adam. Dukansu nau'ikan rigakafin suna iya barin tabon hannu na sama.

Sau da yawa, mutum na iya faɗi bambanci tsakanin maganin alurar rigakafin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da tabon BCG ta la'akari da waɗannan lamuran:

• Ba a rarraba maganin rigakafin kuru-kuru a cikin Amurka bayan 1972. Idan an haifi mutum bayan wannan lokacin, mai yiwuwa tabon allurar rigakafin su alama ce ta BCG.
• Ba a amfani da allurar rigakafin ta BCG sau da yawa a cikin Amurka, yayin da tarin fuka ke faruwa a ƙananan ƙidaya. Koyaya, ana amfani da allurar rigakafin sau da yawa a cikin ƙasashe inda yawan tarin TB ke faruwa, kamar Mexico.
• Kodayake nau'ikan nau'ikan tabo na iya bambanta, tabon BCG yana daɗa tashi da ɗan zagaye. Scararamar poaramar ƙwayar cuta tana sa tawayar, ko ƙasan fata. Yana da ɗan zagaye, tare da gefuna gefuna.

Hakanan ana yin allurar ta BCG a cikin intradermally, kamar allurar rigakafin cutar sankarau.

Nasihu don ɓata tabo

Magunguna don tabo na cutar sankarau suna kama da waɗanda ke yin rauni a gaba ɗaya. Wasu matakai don rage bayyanar tabon sun haɗa da:

• Sanya ruwan sharar rana a kowane lokaci akan tabon. Fitowar rana na iya haifar da tabon nama ya bayyana da duhu kuma ya yi kauri. Wannan na iya sa rigakafin cutar sankarau ya zama bayyananne.
• Shafa man shafawa mai laushi wanda zai taimaka wajen rage bayyanar tabon. Misalan sun hada da man koko, man shafawa, aloe, ko man shafawa masu dauke da allium cepa (bulb bulb). Koyaya, waɗannan jiyya ba a tabbatar da ilimin kimiyya ba cikakke don rage bayyanar tabon.
• Yin magana da likita game da cututtukan fata, tsari ne da ke aiki don cire matakan fata na waje don inganta warkarwa. Sakamakon wannan hanyar don magance tabon ba shi da tabbas.
• Yin magana da likita game da sake duba tabo, tsari ne wanda ya shafi cire fatar da ta shafa da kuma dinke tabon baya. Duk da yake wannan yana haifar da wani tabo, daidai gwargwado, sabon tabon bai cika zama sananne ba.
• Yin magana da likita game da dattin fata, wanda ya maye gurbin yankin da tabo da sabon, lafiyayyen fata. Koyaya, gefan fatar kusa da inda aka sanya dasawa na iya bayyana daban.

Idan tabonku na karamin karamin jiki ya bunkasa zuwa keloid, zaku iya amfani da zanen silicone (kamar bandeji) ko gel a cikin keloid din. Wannan na iya taimakawa rage girman keloid.

Takeaway

Daga cikin sama da ma’aikatan farar hula 37,500 da suka karbi allurar rigakafin cutar sankarau a 2003, kimanin tabo 21 bayan allurar rigakafin sun faru, a cewar mujallar Clinical Infectious Diseases. Daga cikin waɗanda ke fuskantar tabon, lokacin da za a lura da tabon shi ne kwanaki 64.

Duk da yake har yanzu akwai tabo na karamin karamin mutum, dole ne mutum ya kimanta ko tabon nasu yana bukatar magani dan rage kamanninta. Mafi yawan tabo an cire su ko an sake su don bayyanar kwalliya, ba damuwar kiwon lafiya ba.