Shin Hasken UV Yana Haskakawa da Kashe ƙwayoyin cuta?

Wadatacce

• Amma da farko, menene hasken UV?
• Za a iya amfani da maganin kashe hasken UV akan COVID-19?
• Shin yakamata ku sayi samfuran rigakafin hasken UV?
• Bita don

Bayan watanni na wanke hannu da hannu, nesantawar jama'a, da sanya abin rufe fuska, da alama coronavirus ya haƙa ƙafarsa don doguwar tafiya a Amurka Kuma tunda 'yan kaɗan na wannan abin ban tsoro ya same ku. iya sarrafawa shine ayyukan ku da muhallinku, ba abin mamaki bane cewa ku - da kusan kowa - kun zama masu sha'awar tsaftacewa. Idan baku tanadi Clorox da masu shafe -shafe ba a watan Maris, da alama kun zama ƙwararre a cikin binciken Google don nemo amsoshin tambayoyi kamar "tururi na iya kashe ƙwayoyin cuta?" ko "vinegar shine maganin kashe kwari?" Ayyukanka na binciken rami na zomo na iya haifar da kai ga wasu sabbin hanyoyin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta: wato, hasken ultraviolet (UV).

An yi amfani da hasken UV shekaru da yawa (e, shekarun da suka gabata!) Don rage yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar abin da ke haifar da tarin fuka, a cewar Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA). Game da ikonsa na kashe ƙwayoyin COVID-19? To, wannan ba shi da tushe sosai. Ci gaba da karantawa don gano gaskiyar ƙwararriyar goyan baya game da hasken UV, gami da ko a zahiri zai iya hana watsa cutar coronavirus da abin da yakamata a sani game da samfuran hasken UV (watau fitilu, wand, da sauransu) da kuka gani a duk kafafen sada zumunta. .

Amma da farko, menene hasken UV?

Hasken UV wani nau'in radiation ne na electromagnetic wanda ake watsawa a cikin raƙuman ruwa ko barbashi a cikin raƙuman ruwa da mitoci daban -daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da bakan na lantarki (EM), in ji Jim Malley, Ph.D., farfesa a fannin injiniya da muhalli a Jami'ar. New Hampshire. Mafi yawan nau'in UV radiation? Rana, wanda ke samar da nau'ikan haskoki guda uku: UVA, UVB, da UVC, bisa ga FDA. Yawancin mutane sun saba da hasken UVA da UVB saboda suna da alhakin kunar rana da kuma ciwon daji. (Mai dangantaka: Radiation na Ultraviolet yana haifar da lalacewar fata - Ko da lokacin da kuke cikin gida)

Hasken UVC, a gefe guda, ba zai taɓa kaiwa zuwa saman duniya ba (ƙasan ozone Layer 'em), don haka kawai hasken UVC da mutane ke nunawa shine na wucin gadi, a cewar FDA. Duk da haka, yana da kyau tsine mai ban sha'awa; UVC, wanda ke da gajeriyar raƙuman ruwa da mafi girman kuzarin duk hasken UV, sanannen maganin kashe iska ne don iska, ruwa, da wuraren da ba su da kyau. Don haka, lokacin da ake magana game da lalata hasken UV, an mai da hankali kan UVC, in ji Malley. Ga dalilin da ya sa: lokacin da aka fitar da shi a wasu tsayin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa da kuma ƙayyadaddun lokaci, hasken UVC zai iya lalata kwayoyin halitta - DNA ko RNA - a cikin kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, yana hana su ikon yin kwafi kuma, bi da bi, haifar da ayyukan salula na yau da kullum don rushewa. , ya bayyana Chris Olson, masanin ilimin halitta kuma manajan shirye-shirye na rigakafin kamuwa da cuta da shirye-shiryen gaggawa a asibitin UCHEalth Highlands Ranch. (Lura: Duk da yake UVC haskoki daga tushen wucin gadi na iya haifar da haɗari ciki har da konewar ido da fata - kama da hasken UVA da UVB - FDA ta tabbatar da cewa waɗannan raunin "yawanci suna warwarewa a cikin mako guda" da kuma damar da za a iya bunkasa ciwon daji na fata " yana da rauni sosai. ")

Domin kawar da hasken UV ya yi tasiri, duk da haka, dole ne a sarrafa abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa. Na farko, haskoki suna buƙatar kasancewa a daidai tsawon madaidaicin madaidaicin ƙwayar cutar da aka yi niyya. Duk da yake wannan yawanci ya dogara ne akan takamaiman kwayoyin halitta, a ko'ina tsakanin 200-300 nm ana "la'akari da germicidal" tare da tasiri mafi girma a 260 nm, in ji Malley. Suna kuma buƙatar kasancewa a daidai adadin da ya dace - ƙarfin UV yana ninka ta adadin lokacin hulɗa, in ji shi. "Ingantaccen kashi na UV da ake buƙata yana da faɗi sosai, tsakanin 2 zuwa 200 mJ/cm2 dangane da takamaiman yanayi, abubuwan da ake lalata su, da matakin da ake so na kamuwa da cuta."

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci cewa yankin ba shi da duk wani abu da zai iya tsoma baki tare da hasken UVC zuwa wurin da aka nufa, in ji Malley. "Muna nufin lalata UV a matsayin fasaha na gani-gani, don haka idan wani abu ya toshe hasken UV wanda ya haɗa da ƙazanta, tabo, duk wani abin da ke inuwa to waɗannan wuraren 'inuwa ko kariya' ba za a lalata su ba."

Idan wannan yana da ɗan rikitarwa, saboda shi ne: "UV disinfection ba mai sauƙi ba ne; ba girman girman ɗaya ba ne," in ji Malley. Kuma wannan shine dalili ɗaya kawai da yasa masana da bincike har yanzu basu da tabbacin takamaiman yadda yake da tasiri, idan ma gaba ɗaya, yana iya yin adawa da coronavirus. (Dubi kuma: Yadda ake Tsabtace Gidanku da Lafiyar ku Idan An Keɓe Kai Saboda Coronavirus)

Za a iya amfani da maganin kashe hasken UV akan COVID-19?

UVC yana da rikodin waƙa na kasancewa mai tasiri sosai akan SARS-CoV-1 da MERS, waɗanda ke kusa da SARS-CoV-2, kwayar cutar da ke haifar da COVID-19. Karatu da yawa, gami da rahotannin da FDA ta kawo, sun gano cewa hasken UVC na iya yin tasiri iri ɗaya akan SARS-CoV-2, amma da yawa ba a sake nazarin su sosai ba. Bugu da ƙari, akwai iyakantaccen bayanan da aka buga game da raƙuman ruwa, kashi, da tsawon lokacin hasken UVC da ake buƙata don kashe ƙwayar SARS-CoV-2, a cewar FDA. Ma'ana ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike kafin kowa ya iya bisa hukuma - kuma a amince - ba da shawarar hasken UVC azaman amintacciyar hanyar kashe coronavirus.

Abin da ake faɗi, fitilun UV sun kasance kuma ana ci gaba da amfani da su azaman hanyar haifuwa a cikin, misali, tsarin kiwon lafiya. Suchaya daga cikin irin wannan dalili? Bincike ya gano cewa hasken UVC na iya yanke watsa manyan kwari (kamar staph) da kashi 30 cikin dari. Yawancin asibitoci (idan ba mafi yawansu ba) suna amfani da mutum-mutumi mai fitar da mutum-mutumin UVC wanda girmansa ya kai girman firijin dakin kwanan dalibai don lalata dakunan baki daya, in ji Chris Barty, masanin kimiyyar lissafi kuma fitaccen farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da falaki a Jami’ar California, Irvine. Da zarar mutane sun bar dakin, na'urar ta fara aiki tana fitar da hasken UV, tana daidaita kanta zuwa girman ɗakin da kuma masu canji (watau inuwa, wuraren da ba a isa ba) don ba da hasken har tsawon lokacin da ya dace. Wannan na iya mintuna 4-5 don ƙaramin ɗakuna kamar ɗakunan wanka ko mintuna 15-25 don manyan ɗakuna, a cewar Tru-D, nau'in nau'in wannan na'urar. (FWIW, ana yin wannan tare tare da tsabtace hannu ta amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari na EPA.)

Wasu wuraren kiwon lafiya kuma suna amfani da kabad ɗin UVC tare da kofofin don lalata ƙananan abubuwa kamar iPads, wayoyi, da stethoscopes. Wasu sun shigar da na'urorin UVC da gaske a cikin bututun iska don lalata iskar da ta sake zagayowa, in ji Olson - kuma, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa COVID-19 yana yaduwa ta farko ta ƙwayoyin iska, wannan saitin yana da ma'ana. Koyaya, waɗannan na'urori masu darajar likitanci ba a yi niyya don amfanin mutum ɗaya ba; Ba wai kawai suna da tsada mai tsada ba, wanda farashinsa ya haura $100k, amma kuma suna buƙatar horon da ya dace don aiki mai inganci, in ji Malley.

Amma idan kun ɓata lokaci mai yawa don bincika magungunan COVID-19, kun san cewa akwai na'urorin UV na gida da gizmos da ke bugun kasuwa a cikin sauri a yanzu, duk waɗannan suna nufin tsabtace yuwuwar daga ta'aziyyar gidanka. (Dangane da: Mafi kyawun Samfuran Tsabtace Halittu na 9, A cewar Kwararru)

Shin yakamata ku sayi samfuran rigakafin hasken UV?

"Yawancin na'urori masu kashe hasken UV na gida waɗanda muka bincika kuma muka gwada su [ta bincikenmu a Jami'ar New Hampshire] ba sa cimma matakan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da suke da'awar a cikin tallan su," in ji Malley. "Yawancinsu ba su da ƙarfi, an tsara su da kyau, kuma suna iya yin ikirarin kashe kashi 99.9 na ƙwayoyin cuta, amma idan muka gwada su galibi suna cin kasa da kashi 50 cikin ɗari na ƙwayoyin cuta." (Masu Alaka: Wurare 12 da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararwa ) ke So don Girma wanda Ƙila kuna Bukatar tsaftace RN)

Barty ya yarda, yana mai cewa na'urorin a zahiri suna fitar da UVC, amma "bai isa su yi wani abu da gaske ba a cikin adadin lokacin da ake da'awar." Ka tuna, don hasken UV don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da gaske, yana buƙatar ya kasance yana haskakawa na ɗan lokaci kuma a wani ɗan gajeren zango - kuma, idan aka zo batun kashe COVID-19 yadda ya kamata, duka waɗannan ma'aunin har yanzu TBD ne, a cewar FDA.

Duk da yake ƙwararrun ba su da tabbacin ingancin na'urorin rigakafin UV game da coronavirus, musamman don amfanin gida, babu musun cewa, riga-kafin cutar, an nuna hasken UVC (har ma da amfani da su) don kashe wasu cututtukan. Don haka, idan kuna son bayarwa, ku ce, fitilar UV gwadawa, yana yiwuwa zai taimaka rage yaduwar wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da ke ɓoye a cikin gidanka. Wasu abubuwan da ya kamata ku tuna kafin siya:

Mercury ba komai bane. "Asibitoci sukan yi amfani da fitilun tushen tururin mercury saboda suna iya yin haske da yawa na UVC kuma suna lalata su cikin kankanin lokaci," in ji Barty. Amma, ICYDK, mercury yana da guba. Don haka, waɗannan nau'ikan fitilun UV suna buƙatar ƙarin taka tsantsan yayin tsaftacewa da zubarwa, a cewar FDA. Menene ƙari, fitilun mercury kuma suna samar da UVA da UVB, waɗanda zasu iya zama haɗari ga fata. Nemo na'urori marasa mercury, kamar su Casetify's UV sanitizer (Saya It, $120 $100, casetify.com) ko kuma waɗanda aka yiwa lakabi da "tushen excimer," ma'ana suna amfani da wata hanya ta daban (sans-mercury) don isar da hasken UV.

Kula da tsayin raƙuman ruwa.Ba duk samfuran UVC aka ƙirƙira su daidai ba - musamman idan ya zo ga raƙuman ruwa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, raƙuman ruwan UVC na iya yin tasiri ga tasirin na'urar wajen kashe ƙwayar cuta (da haka ta kashe ta). Hakanan yana iya yin tasiri ga lafiya da haɗarin aminci da ke tattare da yin amfani da na'urar, yana barin ku da ƙalubalen nemo na'urar kawar da hasken UV wacce ke da ƙarfi don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ba tare da gabatar da haɗarin lafiya da yawa ba. To menene lambar sihirin? Kowane wuri tsakanin 240-280 nm, a cewar Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). Abin da ake faɗi, binciken 2017 ya gano cewa raƙuman ruwa masu tsayi daga 207-222 nm kuma na iya zama masu inganci da aminci (kodayake, ba mai sauƙin zuwa bane, a cewar Hukumar Kula da Radiation ta Ƙasa). TL; DR - idan yana ba ku kwanciyar hankali ko kwanciyar hankali don kashe ko da ƴan ƙwayoyin cuta a wayarka, je neman na'urori masu fitarwa, aƙalla, 280 nm.

Yi la'akari da saman ku. Hasken UVC ya fi tasiri a kan abubuwa masu wuya, marasa ƙarfi, a cewar FDA. Kuma yana da ƙarancin tasiri a saman saman tare da dunƙule ko dunƙule, saboda waɗannan suna da wuya hasken UV ya isa duk wuraren da kwayar cutar za ta iya zama, in ji Barty. Don haka, lalata wayar ko allon tebur na iya zama mafi fa'ida fiye da, a ce, shimfidar ku. Kuma idan da gaske kuna son yin birgima a kusa da wand sanitizing UV UV (Sayi Shi, $ 119, amazon.com) kamar yana da fitila, mafi kyawun fa'idar ku shine yin hakan, alal misali, teburin dafaffen ku (tunani: santsi, mara kyau , Jamus). 

Zaɓi samfuran da ke rufewa. Na'urar UV kamar wand ba shine mafi kyawun fa'idar ku ba, in ji Malley. Ya bayyana cewa "kyallen takarda masu rai (mutane, dabbobin gida, shuke-shuke) bai kamata a dinga fallasa su zuwa hasken UVC ba sai dai idan yana cikin tsarin da aka sarrafa sosai tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likitocin," in ji shi. Wancan saboda hasken UVC na iya haifar da raunin ido (kamar photophotokeratitis, ainihin idanun kunne) da fatun ƙonawa, a cewar FDA. Don haka a maimakon fallasa samfuran haske kamar wand ko fitila, zaɓi "na'urorin da aka rufe" waɗanda ke zuwa tare da "fasalulluka na tsaro (kashewa ta atomatik, da dai sauransu) da kawar da yuwuwar fallasa kyallen kyallen da ke cikin hasken UVC," in ji Malley. Zabi ɗaya mai kyau: "Kwantin don wayarka, musamman ma idan an bar [wayar ku] a ciki na dogon lokaci (lokacin barci)," kamar PhoneSoap's Smartphone UV Sanitizer (Saya It, $80, phonesoap.com).

Kada ku duba cikin haske. Tunda tasirin UVC na dogon lokaci akan mutane ba a san shi ba, yana da mahimmanci a yi taka tsantsan yayin amfani da na'ura. Ka guji ci gaba da tuntuɓar fata kuma ka nisantar da kai tsaye a kan hasken, saboda bayyanar da kai tsaye ga UVC radiation na iya haifar da raunin ido mai raɗaɗi ko halayen fata mai ƙonawa, a cewar FDA. Amma, ICYMI a baya, na'urorin hana kamuwa da cutar UV da za ku iya siya daga 'gram ko Amazon, a cikin kalmomin Malley, ba su da ƙarfi' kuma suna zuwa tare da fasalin rufewa ta atomatik, iyakance haɗari. Duk da haka, ya fi kyau a yi hankali, la'akari da cewa ba mu fahimci kasada sosai ba. (Mai dangantaka: Shin Hasken Blue daga Lokacin allo na iya lalata Fatar ku?)

A ƙasa: "Nemi samfur tare da ingantaccen littafin jagorar mai amfani, cikakkun bayanai dalla-dalla na abin da na'urar UV ke bayarwa don kashi, da wasu shaidu na gwaji na ɓangare na uku don tabbatar da ikirarin aikin da samfurin ke yi," in ji Malley.

Kuma har sai an sami ƙarin bincike da bincike na zahiri wanda hasken UVC zai iya kashe COVID-19, tabbas yana da kyau a tsaya kawai a tsaftace kan reg tare da samfuran da CDC ta amince da su, kasance da himma tare da nisantar zamantakewa, kuma, don Allah saka 👏🏻that 👏 🌹mask 👏🏻.

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