Gwajin jini da ke gano cutar kansa

Wadatacce

• 8 alamomin ciwace ciwace da ke gano kansar
• 1. AFP
• 2. MCA
• 3. BTA
• 4. PSA
• 5. CA 125
• 6. Calcitonin
• 7. Thyroglobulin
• 8. AEC
• Yadda za'a tabbatar da cutar kansa

Don gano kansar, ana iya tambayar likita ya auna alamomin ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, waɗanda abubuwa ne da ƙwayoyin ke samarwa ko kuma kumburin kansa, kamar su AFP da PSA, waɗanda ake ɗaukaka su cikin jini a gaban wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa. San alamomi da alamomin da zasu iya nuna cutar daji.

Gwargwadon alamun alamun ƙari yana da mahimmanci ba kawai don gano kansar ba, har ma don kimanta ci gaban tumo da amsa ga magani.

Kodayake alamomin ciwan daji suna nuna alamun cutar kansa, wasu yanayi mara kyau na iya haifar da ƙaruwarsu, kamar su appendicitis, prostatitis ko prostate hyperplasia kuma, sabili da haka, a mafi yawan lokuta ya zama dole ayi wasu gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da cutar, kamar duban dan tayi ko yanayin maganaɗis , misali.

Bugu da ƙari, ƙimar alamun manunin tumo na gwajin jini ya bambanta gwargwadon dakin gwaje-gwaje da jinsi na mai haƙuri, yana da muhimmanci a yi la’akari da ƙididdigar ƙimar dakin binciken. Ga yadda ake fahimtar gwajin jini.

8 alamomin ciwace ciwace da ke gano kansar

Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da likita ya nema don gano kansar sune:

1. AFP

Abin da yake ganowa: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) shine furotin wanda za'a iya ba da odar sa don yin bincike akan ciwan ciki, hanji, ovaries ko kasancewar metastases a cikin hanta.

Darajar darajar: Gabaɗaya, lokacin da akwai canje-canje marasa kyau, ƙimar ta fi 1000 ng / ml girma. Koyaya, wannan ƙimar ma ana iya ƙaruwa ta yanayi kamar cirrhosis ko ciwon hanta na yau da kullun, alal misali, ƙimarta ta kusan 500 ng / ml.

2. MCA

Abin da yake ganowa: Yawancin lokaci ana haɗuwa da cututtukan mucoid antioxidant (MCA) don bincika kansar mama. Don sanin wasu alamomin cutar sankarar mama karanta: alamu 12 na kansar nono.

Darajar darajar: A mafi yawan lokuta yana iya nuna cutar kansa idan darajarta ta fi 11 U / ml a gwajin jini. Koyaya, wannan ƙimar tana iya ƙaruwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari na ƙwai, mahaifa ko prostate.

Yawancin lokaci, likita yana buƙatar sashi na alamar CA 27.29 ko CA 15.3 don saka idanu kansar nono da bincika amsawa ga magani da damar sake dawowa. Fahimci abin da yake don kuma yadda ake yin gwajin CA 15.3.

3. BTA

Abin da yake ganowa: Ana amfani da antigen ƙari na ƙari (BTA) don taimakawa gano kansar mafitsara kuma yawanci ana haɗa shi tare da NMP22 da CEA.

Darajar darajar: A gaban ciwon daji na mafitsara, gwajin yana da ƙima sama da 1. Kasancewar BTA a cikin fitsari, duk da haka, ana iya ɗaukaka shi a cikin ƙananan matsaloli masu tsanani kamar kumburin koda ko fitsari, musamman lokacin amfani da catheter na mafitsara.

4. PSA

Abin da yake ganowa: Prostate antigen (PSA) furotin ne wanda aka saba samar dashi don prostate, amma dangane da cutar kansa ta prostate yana iya samun karfin gwiwa. Ara koyo game da PSA.

Darajar darajar: Lokacin da hankalin PSA a cikin jini ya fi 4.0 ng / ml, zai iya nuna ci gaban kansa kuma, idan ya fi 50 ng / ml, zai iya nuna kasancewar metastases. Koyaya, don tabbatar da cutar kansa ya zama dole ayi wasu gwaje-gwaje kamar su dubura dubura na dubura da duban dan tayi na prostate, tunda ƙarfin wannan furotin shima zai iya ƙaruwa a yanayi mara kyau. Arin fahimta game da yadda ake gano wannan nau'in na sankara.

5. CA 125

Abin da yake ganowa: CA 125 alama ce da aka saba amfani da ita don bincika dama da saka idanu kan ci gaban ƙwarjin kwan mace. Dole ne sashin wannan alamar ya kasance tare da sauran gwaje-gwaje don a iya yin cikakken ganewar asali. Learnara koyo game da CA 125.

Darajar darajar: Yawancin lokaci alama ce ta kansar kwai lokacin da ƙimar ta fi 65 U / ml. Koyaya, za'a iya haɓaka darajar a cikin yanayin cututtukan cirrhosis, mafitsara, endometriosis, hepatitis ko pancreatitis.

6. Calcitonin

Abin da yake ganowa: Calcitonin shine hormone da thyroid ke samarwa kuma ana iya ƙaruwa akasari ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar kansa, har ila yau ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon nono ko na huhu, misali. Duba yadda ake yin gwajin calcitonin.

Darajar darajar: Yana iya zama alamar cutar kansa lokacin da darajar ta fi 20 pg / ml, amma ƙimomin kuma ana iya canzawa saboda matsaloli irin su pancreatitis, cutar Paget har ma yayin ciki.

7. Thyroglobulin

Abin da yake ganowa: Thyroglobulin yawanci ana daukaka shi a cikin cutar kansa, amma, domin a gano cutar kansa, sauran alamomin suma a auna su, kamar su calcitonin da TSH, alal misali, tun da ana iya kara thyroglobulin har a cikin mutanen da ba su da shi.

Darajar darajar: Valuesa'idodin al'ada na thyroglobulin suna tsakanin 1.4 da 78 g / ml, sama da hakan yana iya zama alamar kansa. Duba menene alamun cutar kansa na thyroid?

8. AEC

Abin da yake ganowa: Za a iya maganin antigen na Carcinoembryonic (CEA) don nau'ikan cutar kansa, kuma yawanci ana ɗaukaka shi a cikin cutar kansa a cikin hanji, wanda ke shafar cikin hanji ko dubura. Ara koyo game da kansar hanji.

Darajar darajar: Don nuna alamun cutar kansa, ƙaddamarwar CEA tana buƙatar zama sau 5 sama da ƙimar al'ada, wanda ya kai 5 ng / mL a cikin masu shan sigari kuma har zuwa 3 ng / mL a cikin waɗanda ba masu shan sigari ba. Fahimci menene jarabawar CEA da menene don ta.

Baya ga waɗannan gwaje-gwajen jini, yana yiwuwa a kimanta sauran kwayoyin halittar da sunadarai, kamar CA 19.9, CA 72.4, LDH, Cathepsin D, Telomerase da ɗan adam chorionic Gonadotropin, alal misali, waɗanda suka canza dabi'un tunani lokacin da cutar kansa ke bunkasa a cikin wasu sassan jikin.

Magnetic rawa

Yadda za'a tabbatar da cutar kansa

Game da zargin cutar kansa, ya zama dole a tabbatar da cutar, yawanci likita ke buƙata, ƙarin gwajin gwaji, kamar:

• Duban dan tayi: Har ila yau an san shi da duban dan tayi, wanda shine gwaji wanda zai ba ka damar gano raunuka a cikin gabobi kamar hanta, pancreas, saifa, kodan, prostate, nono, thyroid, mahaifa da ovaries;
• Radiography: Bincike ne da X-ray keyi, wanda ke taimakawa wajen gano canje-canje a cikin huhu, kashin baya da ƙashi;
• Hanyoyin fuska mai haske: Gwajin hoto ne wanda ke gano canje-canje a cikin gabobi kamar nono, magudanar jini, hanta, pancreas, baƙin ciki, kodoji da adrenal.
• Utedididdigar hoto: Ana yin sa yayin da aka sami sauye-sauye a cikin X-ray kuma galibi ana buƙata ne don tantance huhu, hanta, saifa, mara, ƙwarjiyoyi da maƙogwaro, misali.

A mafi yawan lokuta, ana tabbatar da ganewar asali ta hanyar haɗuwa da gwaje-gwaje iri-iri, kamar lura da haƙuri, gwajin jini, MRI da biopsy, misali.