Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis cuta ce wacce ta kumburi ke faruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph, huhu, hanta, idanu, fata, da / ko wasu kyallen takarda.

Ba a san ainihin dalilin sarcoidosis ba. Abin da aka sani shi ne cewa idan mutum yana da cutar, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayar cuta (granulomas) suna samuwa a cikin wasu gabobin jiki. Granulomas sune gungu na ƙwayoyin cuta.

Cutar na iya shafar kusan kowane sashin jiki. Ya fi shafar huhu.

Doctors suna tunanin cewa samun wasu ƙwayoyin halitta yana sa ya fi sauƙi ga mutum ya kamu da sarcoidosis. Abubuwan da ka iya jawo cutar sun hada da kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta ko kwayoyin cuta. Saduwa da kura ko sanadarai na iya haifar da matsala.

Cutar ta fi kamari a cikin Baƙin Amurkawa da fararen fata 'yan asalin Scandinavia. Mata da yawa fiye da maza suna da cutar.

Cutar sau da yawa tana farawa tsakanin shekaru 20 zuwa 40. Sarcoidosis ba safai ba ne ga yara ƙanana.

Mutumin da yake kusa da dangi wanda ke da sarcoidosis kusan sau 5 ne mai yuwuwar haɓaka yanayin.

Babu alamun bayyanar. Lokacin da bayyanar cututtuka ta faru, zasu iya ƙunsar kusan kowane ɓangaren jiki ko tsarin gabobi.

Kusan duk mutanen da sarcoidosis ya shafa suna da huhu ko alamun kirji:

• Ciwon kirji (galibi a bayan ƙashin mama)
• Dry tari
• Rashin numfashi
• Cikakken tari (mara nauyi, amma mai tsanani)
  

Kwayar cutar rashin jin daɗi na yau da kullun na iya haɗawa da:

• Gajiya
• Zazzaɓi
• Hadin gwiwa ko ciwo (arthralgia)
• Rage nauyi

Alamar fata na iya haɗawa da:

• Rashin gashi
• Tashi, ja, ciwon fata mai ƙarfi (erythema nodosum), kusan koyaushe a gaban ɓangaren ƙananan ƙafafu
• Rash
• Scars da suka zama haɓaka ko ƙonewa

Symptomswayar cututtukan cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Ciwon kai
• Kamawa
• Rashin rauni a gefe ɗaya na fuska

Alamun ido na iya haɗawa da:

• Konawa
• Fitar daga ido
• Idanun bushe
• Itching
• Jin zafi
• Rashin hangen nesa

Sauran alamun wannan cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Bakin bushe
• Sume suma, idan zuciya ta shiga
• Hancin hanci
• Kumburi a babin ciki
• Ciwon Hanta
• Kumburin kafafu idan zuciya da huhu sun shiga
• Bugun zuciya mara kyau idan zuciya ta shiga

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamun.

Gwaje-gwaje daban-daban na hoto na iya taimakawa wajen gano sarcoidosis:

• X-ray mai kirji don ganin idan huhu yana da hannu ko faɗaɗa ƙwayoyin lymph
• CT scan na kirji
• Binciken gallium na huhu (da kyar akeyi yanzu)
• Gwajin hoto na kwakwalwa da hanta
• Echocardiogram ko MRI na zuciya

Don bincika wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar biopsy. Biopsy na huhu ta amfani da bronchoscopy yawanci ana yin sa. Hakanan za'a iya yin kwayar halittar sauran kayan jikin.

Za a iya yin gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:

• Matakan Calcium (fitsari, ionized, jini)
• CBC
• Immunoelectrophoresis
• Gwajin aikin hanta
• Yawan immunoglobulins
• Phosphorus
• Angiotensin yana canza enzyme (ACE)

Kwayar cutar Sarcoidosis sau da yawa za ta sami sauki ba tare da magani ba.

Idan an shafi idanu, zuciya, tsarin juyayi, ko huhu, yawanci ana sanya corticosteroids. Wannan magani na iya buƙatar shan shi 1 zuwa 2 shekaru.

Hakanan wasu lokuta ana buƙatar magungunan da ke murƙushe tsarin garkuwar jiki.

A cikin al'amuran da ba kasafai ake samun su ba, mutanen da ke fama da matsanancin zuciya ko cutar huhu (ƙarshen matakin ƙarshe) na iya buƙatar dashen kayan aiki.

Tare da sarcoidosis wanda ke shafar zuciya, ana iya buƙatar implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) don magance matsalolin bugun zuciya.

Mutane da yawa tare da sarcoidosis ba su da ciwo mai tsanani, kuma suna samun sauƙi ba tare da magani ba. Har zuwa rabin mutanen da ke dauke da cutar suna samun sauki a cikin shekaru 3 ba tare da magani ba. Mutanen da huɗu ke shafar huhu na iya haifar da lalacewar huhu.

Gabaɗaya yawan mutuwa daga sarcoidosis bai wuce 5% ba. Sanadin mutuwa sun hada da:

• Zuban jini daga jikin huhun
• Lalacewar zuciya, wanda ke haifar da gazawar zuciya da kuma rashin saurin zuciya
• Raunin huhu (huhu na huhu)

Sarcoidosis na iya haifar da waɗannan matsalolin kiwon lafiya:

• Cututtukan huhu na fungal (aspergillosis)
• Glaucoma da makanta daga uveitis (ba safai ba)
• Dutse na koda daga matakan calcium masu yawa a jini ko fitsari
• Osteoporosis da sauran rikitarwa na shan corticosteroids na dogon lokaci
• Hawan jini a jijiyoyin huhu (hauhawar jini)

Kira mai ba ku sabis da sauri idan kuna da:

• Rashin numfashi
• Bugun zuciya mara tsari
• Gani ya canza
• Sauran alamun wannan cuta

• Cutar cututtukan huhu tsakanin manya - fitarwa

• Sarcoid, mataki na - x-ray kirji
• Sarcoid, mataki na II - kirjin x-ray
• Sarcoid, mataki na IV - x-ray kirji
• Sarcoid - kusancin raunin fata
• Erythema nodosum hade da sarcoidosis
• Sarcoidosis - kusa-kusa
• Sarcoidosis a gwiwar hannu
• Sarcoidosis a hanci da goshinsa
• Tsarin numfashi

Iannuzzi MC. Sarcoidosis. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi 89.

Judson MA, Morgenthau AS, Baughman RP.Sarcoidosis. A cikin: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Littafin rubutu na Murray da Nadel na Magungunan numfashi. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 66.

Soto-Gomez N, Peters JI, Nambiar AM. Bincike da kuma gudanar da sarcoidosis. Am Fam Likita. 2016; 93 (10): 840-848. PMID: 27175719 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27175719.