Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis cuta ce wacce manyan hanyoyin iska a cikin huhu suke lalacewa. Wannan yana haifar da hanyoyin iska su fadada har abada.

Bronchiectasis na iya kasancewa lokacin haihuwa ko ƙuruciya ko ci gaba daga rayuwa.

Bronchiectasis sau da yawa yakan haifar da kumburi ko kamuwa da hanyoyin iska wanda ke ci gaba da dawowa.

Wani lokacin yakan fara ne tun yarinta bayan kamuwa da cutar huhu mai tsanani ko shakar wani baƙon abu. Numfashi a cikin ƙwayoyin abinci na iya haifar da wannan yanayin.

Sauran dalilai na cututtukan bronchiectasis na iya haɗawa da:

• Cystic fibrosis, cuta ce da ke haifar da laka mai kauri, mai kauri a cikin huhu
• Rashin lafiyar kansa, kamar cututtukan zuciya na rheumatoid ko Sjögren ciwo
• Cututtukan huhu masu cutar
• Cutar sankarar bargo da cututtukan da suka danganci ta
• Rigakafin raunin rigakafi
• Farkon cilinary dyskinesia (wata cuta ta haihuwa)
• Kamuwa da cuta tare da cutar tarin fuka

Kwayar cututtukan suna ci gaba da lokaci. Suna iya faruwa watanni ko shekaru bayan abin da ya haifar da sankarau.

Tari na dogon lokaci (na yau da kullun) tare da adadi mai yawa na warin sputum shine babban alama ta bronchiectasis. Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Warin numfashi
• Cikakken jini (ƙasa da na yara)
• Gajiya
• Launi
• Breatharancin numfashi wanda ke ƙara muni tare da motsa jiki
• Rage nauyi
• Hanzari
• Feverananan zazzabi da gumi da dare
• Sanya yatsun hannu (ba safai ba, ya dogara da dalilin)

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki. Lokacin sauraren kirji tare da stethoscope, mai ba da sabis na iya jin ƙaramin latsawa, kumfa, kumburi, motsawa, ko wasu sautuna, yawanci a cikin ƙananan huhu.

Gwajin da za a iya yi sun hada da:

• Gwajin aspergillosis precipitin (don bincika alamun rashin lafiyan cutar ga naman gwari)
• Gwajin jinin antitrypsin na Alpha-1
• Kirjin x-ray
• Kirjin CT
• Al'adar 'Sputum'
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Gwajin kwayar halitta, gami da gwajin zufa don cystic fibrosis da gwaje-gwaje na wasu cututtuka (kamar cutar dyskinesia na farko)
• PPD gwajin fata don bincika cutar tarin fuka da ta gabata
• Serum immunoglobulin electrophoresis don auna sunadaran da ake kira immunoglobulins a cikin jini
• Gwajin aikin huhu don auna numfashi da yadda huhu ke aiki
• Yin aikin rashi na rigakafi

Ana nufin jiyya don:

• Kula da cututtuka da sputum
• Sauke hanyar jirgin sama
• Hana matsalar ta zama mafi muni

Magudanar ruwa ta yau da kullun don cire maniyyi wani bangare ne na magani. Mai ilimin hanyoyin numfashi na iya nunawa mutumin atisayen da zai taimaka.

Yawancin lokaci ana ba da magunguna. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Maganin rigakafi don magance cututtuka
• Bronchodilators don buɗe hanyoyin iska
• Masu fata don taimakawa sassautawa da tari mai kauri

Yin aikin tiyata don cirewa (sake gyarawa) ana iya buƙatar huhu idan magani bai yi aiki ba kuma cutar tana cikin ƙaramin yanki, ko kuma idan mutum yana yawan zub da jini a cikin huhun. An fi la'akari da shi sosai idan babu wata kwayar halitta ko wata cuta da ta samu ga cututtukan zuciya (alal misali, mai yiwuwa a yi la’akari da cewa idan akwai maƙogwaron cuta a wani ɓangare na huhu kawai saboda toshewar da aka yi a baya)

Hangen nesa ya dogara da takamaiman dalilin cutar. Tare da magani, yawancin mutane suna rayuwa ba tare da wata babbar nakasa ba kuma cutar na ci gaba a hankali.

Rarraba na bronchiectasis na iya haɗawa da:

• Cor pulmonale
• Tari da jini
• Levelsananan matakan oxygen (a cikin yanayi mai tsanani)
• Ciwon huhu da yake faruwa
• Bacin rai (a cikin wasu ƙananan lamura)

Kira mai ba da sabis idan:

• Ciwon kirji ko ƙarancin numfashi na ƙara muni
• Akwai canji a launi ko yawan fitsarin da kuke tari, ko kuma idan na jini ne
• Sauran cututtukan suna daɗa muni ko kuma basa inganta da magani

Zaka iya rage haɗarinka ta hanzarta magance cututtukan huhu.

Alurar rigakafin yara da allurar rigakafin mura a kowace shekara na taimakawa rage damar samun wasu cututtuka. Gujewa kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi na sama, shan sigari, da gurɓata ma na iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da wannan cutar.

Samu bronchiectasis; Hanyar haihuwa; Ciwon huhu na kullum - bronchiectasis

• Tiyatar huhu - fitarwa

• Huhu
• Tsarin numfashi

Chan ED, Iseman MD. Bronchiectasis. A cikin: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Littafin rubutu na Murray da Nadel na Magungunan numfashi. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 48.

Chang AB, Redding GJ. Bronchiectasis da cututtukan cututtukan huhu mai ci gaba. A cikin: Wilmott RW, Deterding R, Li A, et al, eds. Rashin lafiyar Kendig na Raunin Numfashi a cikin Yara. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 26.

O'Donnell AE. Bronchiectasis, atelectasis, cysts, da kuma cututtukan huhu da aka gano. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 84.