Rashin aikin kwakwalwa - cutar hanta

Rashin aikin kwakwalwa yana faruwa yayin da hanta ya kasa cire gubobi daga cikin jini. Wannan ana kiransa ciwon hanta (HE). Wannan matsalar na iya faruwa ba zato ba tsammani ko kuma tana iya bunkasa a hankali cikin lokaci.

Wani muhimmin aiki na hanta shine sanya abubuwa masu guba a cikin jiki marasa cutarwa. Wadannan abubuwa zasu iya zama jiki (ammonia), ko kuma abubuwan da zaka sha (magunguna).

Lokacin da hanta ta lalace, waɗannan "guba" na iya haɗuwa a cikin jini kuma su shafi aikin tsarin juyayi. Sakamakon na iya zama SHI.

SHI zai iya faruwa kwatsam kuma zaka iya yin rashin lafiya da sauri.Sanadin HE na iya haɗawa da:

• Cutar hepatitis A ko B (ba a cika faruwa ba ta wannan hanyar)
• Toshewar jini ga hanta
• Guba ta gubobi ko magunguna dabam dabam
• Maƙarƙashiya
• Zuban jini na ciki na sama

Mutanen da ke da mummunar cutar hanta galibi suna shan wahala daga HE. Sakamakon ƙarshe na cutar hanta na yau da kullun shine cirrhosis. Abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan hanta na yau da kullun sune:

• Mai tsananin ciwon hanta B ko C
• Shan barasa
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Bile duct cuta
• Wasu magunguna
• Cutar cutar hanta mai narkewa (NAFLD) da nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

Da zarar kuna da lalata hanta, abubuwan da ke kara lalacewar kwakwalwa na iya haifar da:

• Karancin ruwan jiki (rashin ruwa)
• Cin furotin da yawa
• Potassiumananan matakan potassium ko sodium
• Zuban jini daga hanji, ciki, ko bututun abinci (esophagus)
• Cututtuka
• Matsalar koda
• Levelsananan matakan oxygen a cikin jiki
• Sanya wuri ko rikitarwa
• Tiyata
• Ciwo mai narkewa ko magungunan kwantar da hankali

Rikicin da zai iya bayyana kama da HE na iya haɗawa da:

• Shaye-shayen giya
• Janye barasa
• Zuban jini a karkashin kwanyar (hematoma subdural)
• Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar da ke haifar da rashin bitamin B1 (cutar Wernicke-Korsakoff)

A wasu lokuta, SH matsala ce ta ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda za'a iya gyara shi. Hakanan yana iya faruwa a matsayin ɓangare na matsala na dogon lokaci (na yau da kullun) daga cutar hanta da ke ƙara muni tsawon lokaci.

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan HE ana auna su a sikeli na aji 1 zuwa 4. Suna iya farawa sannu a hankali kuma su daɗa muni a kan lokaci.

Alamomin farko na iya zama masu sauƙi kuma sun haɗa da:

• Numfashi tare da musty ko wari mai daɗi
• Canje-canje a tsarin bacci
• Canje-canje a cikin tunani
• Rikicewa mara nauyi
• Mantuwa
• Hali ko canjin yanayi
• Rashin hankali da hukunci
• Mafi munin rubutun hannu ko asarar wasu ƙananan motsi na hannu

Symptomsananan bayyanar cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Motsi mara kyau ko girgiza hannu ko hannu
• Tsanani, tashin hankali, ko kamuwa (faruwa da ƙyar)
• Rashin hankali
• Bacci ko rudani
• Hali ko canjin hali
• Zurfin magana
• Sannu a hankali ko ragin motsi

Mutanen da ke tare da SH na iya zama sume, ba su amsawa, kuma wataƙila su shiga cikin halin suma.

Mutane galibi ba sa iya kula da kansu saboda waɗannan alamun.

Alamomin canjin tsarin juyayi na iya haɗawa da:

• Girgiza hannu ("flapping tremor") lokacin da ake kokarin rike hannaye a gaban jiki da daga hannayen
• Matsaloli tare da tunani da yin ayyukan tunani
• Alamomin cutar hanta, kamar fata da idanu rawaya (jaundice) da tarin ruwa a cikin ciki (ascites)
• Musty wari ga numfashi da fitsari

Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi na iya haɗawa da:

• Cikakke lissafin jini ko hematocrit don bincika karancin jini
• CT scan na kai ko MRI
• EEG
• Gwajin aikin hanta
• Prothrombin lokaci
• Maganin ammonia
• Matakan sodium a cikin jini
• Matsayin potassium a cikin jini
• BUN (jinin urea nitrogen) da creatinine don ganin yadda kodan ke aiki

Jiyya na HE ya dogara da dalilin.

Idan canje-canje a aikin kwakwalwa yayi tsanani, ana iya bukatar zaman asibiti.

• Dole ne a dakatar da zub da jini a cikin hanyar narkar da abinci.
• Cututtuka, gazawar koda, da canje-canje a matakan sodium da potassium suna buƙatar magani.

Ana ba da magunguna don taimakawa ƙananan ƙarancin ammoniya da haɓaka aikin kwakwalwa. Magungunan da aka bayar na iya haɗawa da:

• Lactulose don hana kwayoyin cuta a cikin hanji daga haifar da ammonia. Yana iya haifar da gudawa.
• Neomycin da rifaximin suma suna rage yawan sinadarin ammonia da aka yi a cikin hanjin.
• Idan HE ya inganta yayin shan rifaximin, ya kamata a ci gaba har abada.

Ya kamata ku guji:

• Duk wani maganin kwantar da hankali, kwantar da hankali, da duk wani magani da hanta ta lalata
• Magungunan da ke dauke da ammonium (gami da wasu maganin kashe magani)

Mai ba ku kiwon lafiya na iya bayar da shawarar wasu magunguna da magunguna. Wadannan na iya samun sakamako daban-daban.

Hangen nesa na SH ya dogara da gudanar da sanadin HE. Hanyoyin cuta na yau da kullun suna ci gaba da zama mafi muni kuma suna dawowa.

Matakan farko biyu na cutar suna da kyakkyawan hangen nesa. Mataki na uku da na huɗu suna da mummunan hangen nesa.

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan ku ko mutanen da ke kusa da ku sun lura da wata matsala tare da yanayin tunaninku ko aikin tsarin damuwa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga mutanen da suka riga sun kamu da cutar hanta. SHI zai iya zama da sauri da sauri kuma ya zama yanayin gaggawa.

Yin maganin matsalolin hanta na iya hana SH. Guje wa shan giya da ƙwayoyin cuta na jijiyoyin jiki na iya hana yawancin ciwon hanta.

Hannun hanta; Encephalopathy - ciwon hanta; Ciwon hanta; Tsarin kwakwalwa

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Garcia-Tsao G. Cirrhosis da kuma bayanansa. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 144.

Nevah MI, Fallon MB. Ciwon hanta na hanta, cututtukan hanta, cututtukan hanta, da sauran rikice-rikicen tsarin cutar hanta. A cikin: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger da Cututtukan Cutar hanta da na Fordtran. 10 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 94.

Wong MP, Moitra VK. Ciwon hanta. A cikin: Fleisher LA, Roizen MF, Roizen JD, eds. Jigon maganin sa barci. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: 198-198.

Woreta T, Mezina A. Gudanar da cututtukan hanta. A cikin: Cameron AM, Cameron JL, eds. Far Mashi na Yanzu. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 428-431.