Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism wani yanayi ne wanda glandar thyroid ba ta samar da isasshen ƙwayar thyroid. Ana kiran wannan yanayin sau da yawa underactive thyroid.

Glandar thyroid shine muhimmin sashin tsarin endocrine. Tana nan a gaban wuya, sama da inda ƙafafunku suke haɗuwa. Thyroid yana yin hormones wanda ke kula da yadda kowace kwayar halitta take amfani da kuzari. Wannan tsari ana kiransa metabolism.

Hypothyroidism ya fi dacewa ga mata da mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 50.

Babban sanadin hypothyroidism shine thyroiditis. Kumburi da kumburi suna lalata ƙwayoyin glandar thyroid.

Sanadin wannan matsalar sun hada da:

• Tsarin na rigakafi yana afkawa da glandar thyroid
• Kwayar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta (sanyi na yau da kullun) ko wasu cututtuka na numfashi
• Ciki (wanda ake kira sau da yawa thyroiditis)

Sauran dalilai na hypothyroidism sun hada da:

• Wasu magunguna, kamar lithium da amiodarone, da wasu nau'ikan maganin cutar sankara
• Laifi (haihuwa) nakasa
• Magungunan radiation zuwa wuya ko kwakwalwa don magance cututtukan daji daban-daban
• Iodine mai amfani da radiyoactive don amfani da glandar thyroid
• Cire tiyata na ɓangare ko duka glandar thyroid
• Ciwo na Sheehan, yanayin da zai iya faruwa a cikin macen da ke zubar da jini mai ƙarfi yayin ciki ko haihuwa kuma yana haifar da lalata glandon na pituitary
• Ciwon kumburin ciki ko tiyatar pituitary

Alamun farko:

• Matsakaicin wuya ko maƙarƙashiya
• Jin sanyi (saka sutura lokacin da wasu ke sanye da t-shirt)
• Gajiya ko jin an rage shi
• Lokacin al'ada mai nauyi da rashin tsari
• Hadin gwiwa ko ciwon tsoka
• Launi ko bushewar fata
• Bakin ciki ko damuwa
• Siriri, gashi ko farce
• Rashin ƙarfi
• Karuwar nauyi

Late bayyanar cututtuka, idan ba a magance su ba:

• Rage dandano da wari
• Rashin tsufa
• Puffy fuska, hannaye, da ƙafa
• Slow magana
• Ickarfafa fata
• Rage girare
• Temperatureananan zafin jiki na jiki
• Sannu a hankali bugun zuciya

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma zai iya gano cewa glandar ka ta faɗaɗa. Wasu lokuta, gland shine girman al'ada ko ƙarami-fiye da-al'ada. Jarabawar na iya bayyana:

• Babban hawan jini na diastolic (lamba ta biyu)
• Siririn siririn gashi
• Featuresananan siffofin fuska
• Fata mai haske ko busasshiyar fata, wacce ke iya zama mai sanyi ga taɓawa
• Abubuwan da ba su dace ba (jinkirta shakatawa)
• Kumburin hannaye da kafafu

Hakanan ana ba da umarnin gwajin jini don auna hormones na TSH da T4.

Hakanan kuna iya samun gwaji don bincika:

• Matakan Cholesterol
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Harshen enzymes
• Prolactin
• Sodium
• Cortisol

Ana nufin jiyya don maye gurbin hormone wanda ba ku da shi.

Levothyroxine shine mafi yawan amfani da magani:

• Za'a sanya muku mafi ƙanƙancin kashi wanda zai taimaka muku bayyanar cututtukanku kuma ya kawo matakan hormone jinin ku zuwa al'ada.
• Idan kuna da cututtukan zuciya ko kuma kun tsufa, mai ba ku sabis zai iya fara muku da ƙananan ƙwayoyi.
• Yawancin mutane da ke fama da cutar thyroid ba za su buƙaci shan wannan maganin ba har abada.
• Levothyroxine yawanci kwaya ce, amma wasu mutanen da ke da tsananin hypothyroidism da farko suna buƙatar kulawa da su a asibiti tare da levothyroxine na ciki (wanda aka bayar ta jijiya).

Lokacin farawa ku kan maganin ku, mai ba ku na iya bincika matakan hormone kowane kowane 2 zuwa 3 watanni. Bayan wannan, ya kamata a kula da matakan hormone na thyroid sau ɗaya a kowace shekara.

Lokacin da kake shan maganin thyroid, ka kula da masu zuwa:

• Kada ka daina shan maganin, koda kuwa ka sami sauƙi. Ci gaba da ɗaukar shi daidai yadda mai ba da sabis ya tsara.
• Idan ka canza nau'ikan maganin maganin ka, sanar da mai baka. Matakan ka na iya bukatar a duba su.
• Abin da kuke ci zai iya canza yadda jikinku ke shan maganin thyroid. Yi magana da mai baka idan kana cin kayan waken soya da yawa ko kuma kana cin abincin mai-fiber.
• Magungunan thyroid suna aiki mafi kyau akan komai a ciki kuma idan aka sha awa 1 kafin wasu magunguna. Tambayi mai baka idan yakamata ka sha maganinka lokacin kwanciya. Shan shi a lokacin kwanciya na iya ba da damar jikinka ya sha maganin fiye da shan shi da rana.
• Jira aƙalla awanni 4 bayan shan hormone na thyroid kafin ka ɗauki abubuwan da ke cikin fiber, alli, ƙarfe, multivitamins, antioxidos hydroxide na aluminium, colestipol, ko magungunan da ke ɗaure bile acid.

Yayin da kake shan maganin maye gurbin ka, gaya wa mai ba ka magani idan kana da wasu alamu da ke nuna cewa kwayar ka ta yi yawa sosai,

• Tashin hankali
• Matsaloli
• Rage nauyi mai nauyi
• Rashin natsuwa ko rawan jiki (rawar jiki)
• Gumi

A mafi yawan lokuta, matakin hormone na thyroid ya zama na al'ada tare da magani mai kyau. Wataƙila za ku sha maganin hormone na thyroid har tsawon rayuwar ku.

Rikicin myxedema (wanda kuma ake kira coma myxedema coma), mafi tsananin nau'in hypothyroidism, ba safai ba. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da matakan hormone na thyroid suke ragu sosai. Matsalar hypothyroid mai tsanani ana haifar da ita ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta, rashin lafiya, haɗuwa da sanyi, ko wasu magunguna (opiates sune sanadin kowa) a cikin mutanen da ke da tsananin hypothyroidism.

Rikicin Myxedema lamari ne na gaggawa na likita wanda dole ne a kula dashi a asibiti. Wasu mutane na iya buƙatar oxygen, taimakon numfashi (mai saka iska), maye gurbin ruwa, da kulawa mai kulawa.

Kwayar cututtuka da alamun rashin lafiya na myxedema sun haɗa da:

• Kasan yanayin zafin jiki na al'ada
• Rage numfashi
• Sananan hawan jini
• Sugararancin sukarin jini
• Rashin amsawa
• Yanayin da bai dace ba ko halaye

Mutanen da ke fama da cutar hypothyroidism ba su da magani suna cikin haɗarin:

• Kamuwa da cuta
• Rashin haihuwa, ɓarna, haihuwar jariri da lahani na haihuwa
• Ciwon zuciya saboda matakan LDL (mara kyau) cholesterol
• Ajiyar zuciya

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kuna da alamun rashin lafiyar hypothyroidism.

Idan ana kula da ku don hypothyroidism, kira mai ba ku idan:

• Kuna bunkasa ciwon kirji ko bugun zuciya mai sauri
• Kuna da kamuwa da cuta
• Kwayoyin cutar ku suna taɓarɓarewa ko kuma basa inganta da magani
• Kuna ci gaba da sababbin bayyanar cututtuka

Myxedema; Hypothyroidism na manya; Rashin maganin thyroid; Goiter - hypothyroidism; Thyroiditis - hypothyroidism; Hormone na hormone - hypothyroidism

• Cire glandon thyroid - fitarwa

• Endocrine gland
• Hypothyroidism
• Brain-thyroid mahada
• Ilimin hypothyroidism na farko da na sakandare

Brent GA, Weetman AP. Hypothyroidism da thyroiditis. A cikin: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds.Littafin Williams na Endocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 13.

Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, et al. Ka'idodin aikin asibiti don hypothyroidism a cikin manya: coungiyar Baƙin ofwararrun Endwararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Amurka da Tungiyar Thyroid ta Amurka sun tallafa. Ayyukan Endocr. 2012; 18 (6): 988-1028. PMID: 23246686 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23246686/.

Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, et al; Tungiyar Tungiyar Thyroid ta Amurka akan Sauyawa Hormone Hormone. Sharuɗɗa don kula da hypothyroidism: wanda Tungiyar Thyroid ta Amurka ta shirya ta kan maye gurbin hormone. Thyroid. 2014; 24 (12): 1670-1751. PMID: 25266247 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25266247/.