Giant cell arteritis

Giant cell arteritis shine kumburi da lalacewar jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke ba da jini ga kai, wuya, jiki na sama da hannaye. Hakanan ana kiran shi arteritis na lokaci.

Giant cell arteritis yana shafar matsakaitan-zuwa-manyan jijiyoyin jini. Yana haifar da kumburi, kumburi, taushi, da lahani ga jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke ba da jini ga kai, wuya, jikin sama, da hannaye. Mafi yawanci yakan faru ne a jijiyoyin da ke kewaye da temples (jijiyoyin jiki). Wadannan jijiyoyin suna yankewa daga jijiyar karoto a wuya. A wasu lokuta, yanayin na iya faruwa a matsakaitan-zuwa-manyan jijiyoyin a wasu wurare a cikin jiki kuma.

Ba a san musabbabin wannan yanayin ba. An yi imanin cewa ya kasance saboda wani ɓangare na rashin amsawar garkuwar jiki. Rikicin na da nasaba da wasu cututtuka da wasu kwayoyin halittu.

Giant cell arteritis ta fi zama ruwan dare ga mutanen da ke da wata cuta mai kumburi da aka sani da polymyalgia rheumatica. Giant cell arteritis kusan koyaushe yana faruwa ne ga mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 50. An fi samunsa ga mutanen asalin Turai na arewacin Turai. Yanayin na iya gudana a cikin iyalai.

Wasu alamun alamun wannan matsalar sune:

• Sabon ciwon kai mai zafi a gefe daya na kai ko bayan kai
• Tausayi yayin taba fatar kai

Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Muƙamuƙin da yake faruwa a lokacin taunawa
• Jin zafi a hannu bayan amfani da shi
• Ciwon tsoka
• Jin zafi da taurin kai a wuya, manyan hannaye, kafada, da kwatangwalo (polymyalgia rheumatica)
• Rashin rauni, yawan gajiya
• Zazzaɓi
• Jin rashin lafiyar gaba ɗaya

Matsaloli na gani na iya faruwa, kuma a wasu lokuta na iya farawa farat ɗaya. Wadannan matsalolin sun hada da:

• Duban gani
• Gani biyu
• Kwatsam rage gani (makanta a ido ɗaya ko duka biyu)

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai bincika kanku.

• Fatar kai yakan zama mai saurin tabawa.
• Zai yiwu a sami laushi mai laushi, mai kauri a gefe ɗaya na kai, galibi akan gidan ɗayan ko duka biyun.

Gwajin jini na iya haɗawa da:

• Hemoglobin ko hematocrit
• Gwajin aikin hanta
• Yawan kumburi (ESR) da furotin C-mai amsawa

Gwajin jini kadai ba zai iya ba da ganewar asali ba. Kuna buƙatar samun kwayar halittar jijiyar bayan lokaci. Wannan aikin tiyata ne wanda za'a iya yi a matsayin maras haƙuri.

Hakanan kuna iya samun wasu gwaje-gwaje, gami da:

• Launi Doppler duban dan tayi na jijiyoyin jiki. Wannan na iya kai wurin wani boko jijiya biopsy idan yi ta wani gogaggen tare hanya.
• MRI.
• PET scan.

Samun magani cikin sauri na iya taimakawa wajen kare matsaloli masu tsanani kamar makanta.

Lokacin da ake zargin katuwar kwayar cutar arteritis, za ku karɓi corticosteroids, kamar prednisone, da baki. Wadannan magunguna galibi ana fara su ne tun kafin a yi biopsy. Hakanan za'a iya gaya maka ka ɗauki asfirin.

Mafi yawan mutane sun fara jin sauki a cikin 'yan kwanaki bayan fara magani. Za'a yanke kashi na corticosteroids a hankali sosai. Koyaya, kuna buƙatar shan magani tsawon shekara 1 zuwa 2.

Idan aka gano asalin kwayar cutar arteritis, a mafi yawan mutane za a kara maganin ilimin halittu da ake kira tocilizumab. Wannan magani yana rage adadin corticosteroids da ake buƙata don magance cutar.

Jiyya na dogon lokaci tare da corticosteroids na iya sa ƙasusuwa su zama siririya kuma su ƙara muku damar karaya. Kuna buƙatar ɗaukar waɗannan matakan don kare ƙarfin kashin ku.

• Guji shan sigari da yawan shan giya.
• Extraauki ƙarin alli da bitamin D (dangane da shawarar mai ba ku).
• Fara tafiya ko wasu nau'ikan motsa jiki masu ɗaukar nauyi.
• Ka gwada kashin ka da gwajin ma'adinai masu ƙarfi (BMD) ko na'urar DEXA.
• Auki bisphosphonate magani, kamar alendronate (Fosamax), kamar yadda mai ba da sabis ya tsara.

Yawancin mutane suna yin cikakken murmurewa, amma ana iya buƙatar magani na shekara 1 zuwa 2 ko fiye.Yanayin na iya dawowa a kwanan baya.

Lalacewa ga sauran hanyoyin jini a jiki, kamar su hanji (ballooning na jijiyoyin jini), na iya faruwa. Wannan lalacewar na iya haifar da bugun jini a nan gaba.

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kuna da:

• Ciwan kai wanda ba ya tafiya
• Rashin gani
• Sauran alamun cututtukan arteritis na lokaci

Za a iya tura ka zuwa ga kwararren likita wanda ke kula da cutar arteritis.

Babu sanannun rigakafin.

Arteritis - na lokaci; Ciwan ciki na ciki; Giant cell arteritis

• Magungunan maganin karoid

Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Duftner C, et al. EULAR shawarwari don amfani da hoto a cikin babban jirgin ruwa vasculitis a cikin aikin likita. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018; 77 (5): 636-643. PMID: 29358285 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29358285.

James WD, Elston DM, Kula da JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM. Cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini. A cikin: James WD, Elston DM, Kula da JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM, eds. Cututtukan Andrews na Fata: Clinical Dermatology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 35.

Koster MJ, Matteson EL, Warrington KJ. Babban kwayar cutar kwayar cuta mai girma: ganewar asali, sa ido da gudanarwa. Ciwon cututtuka (Oxford). 2018; 57 (suppl_2): ii32-ii42. PMID: 29982778 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29982778.

Dutse JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, et al. Gwajin tocilizumab a cikin kwayar halitta mai girman jini. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377 (4): 317-328. PMID: 28745999 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28745999.

Tamaki H, Hajj-Ali RA. Tocilizumab don babbar kwayar halitta ta arteritis - wani sabon katafaren mataki a tsohuwar cuta. JAMA Neurol. 2018; 75 (2): 145-146. PMID: 29255889 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255889.