Uneunƙarar ƙwayar cuta ta jiki (ITP)

Tsarin rigakafi na rigakafi (ITP) cuta ce ta jini wanda tsarin rigakafi ke lalata platelets, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don daskarewar jini na al'ada. Mutanen da ke dauke da cutar ba su da karancin jini a cikin jini.

ITP yana faruwa ne yayin da wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ke samar da kwayoyi akan platelets. Platelets suna taimakawa jinin ku ta hanyar dunkulewa wuri guda domin toshe kananan ramuka a cikin jijiyoyin jini da suka lalace.

Kwayoyin rigakafin suna haɗe da platelet. Jiki yana lalata platelets da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta.

A cikin yara, cutar wani lokaci tana bin kwayar cutar ta kwayar cuta. A cikin manya, yawancin lokuta cuta ce ta dogon lokaci (na yau da kullun) kuma tana iya faruwa bayan kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta, tare da amfani da wasu ƙwayoyi, yayin ɗaukar ciki, ko kuma wani ɓangare na rikicewar rigakafi.

ITP ya fi shafar mata fiye da maza. Ya fi faruwa ga yara fiye da manya. A cikin yara, cutar na shafar samari da ‘yan mata daidai.

Alamun ITP na iya haɗawa da kowane ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Lokaci mara nauyi sosai ga mata
• Zub da jini cikin fata, sau da yawa a kusa da ƙyalli, yana haifar da fatar fata wanda yake kama da ɗiga-digo ja ja (ƙurar jijiyoyin jiki)
• Sauƙaƙewa mai sauƙi
• Hancin hanci ko jini a baki

Za ayi gwajin jini don a duba adadin platelet dinka.

Hakanan ana iya yin fata na kasusuwa ko biopsy.

A cikin yara, cutar yawanci tana tafi ba tare da magani ba. Wasu yara na iya buƙatar magani.

Ana farawa manya a kan magungunan steroid wanda ake kira prednisone ko dexamethasone. A wasu lokuta, ana ba da shawarar yin tiyata don cire saifa (splenectomy). Wannan yana kara yawan platelet a kusan rabin mutane. Koyaya, sauran magungunan magani yawanci ana ba da shawarar maimakon.

Idan cutar ba ta gyaru ba tare da magunguna masu amfani da magunguna, wasu jiyya na iya haɗawa da:

• Jiko na gamma globulin mai ƙarfi (wani abu ne na rigakafi)
• Magungunan da ke murƙushe garkuwar jiki
• Anti-RhD far ga mutanen da ke da wasu nau'in jini
• Magungunan da ke motsa jijiyar ƙashi don yin ƙarin platelets

Mutanen da ke da ITP kada su sha aspirin, ibuprofen, ko warfarin, saboda waɗannan kwayoyi suna tsoma baki tare da aikin platelet ko ƙin jini, kuma zub da jini na iya faruwa.

Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani da tallafi ga mutanen da ke da ITP da dangin su a:

• pdsa.org/patients-caregivers/support-resources.html

Tare da magani, damar gafartawa (lokacin kyauta ba alama ba) yana da kyau. A cikin wasu lokuta, ITP na iya zama yanayi na dogon lokaci a cikin manya kuma ya sake bayyana, koda bayan lokacin da ba shi da alamun bayyanar.

Kwatsam da mummunan hasara na jini daga yankin narkewa na iya faruwa. Zubar da jini cikin kwakwalwa na iya faruwa.

Je zuwa dakin gaggawa ko kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa na gaggawa idan zubar jini mai yawa ya faru, ko kuma idan wasu sababbin alamun sun bayyana.

ITP; Romwayar cuta ta thrombocytopenia; Rashin jini - idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; Ciwon jini - ITP; Autoimmune - ITP; Plateananan ƙarancin platelet - ITP

• Kwayoyin jini

Abrams CS. Kwayoyin cuta. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 163.

Arnold DM, Zeller MP, Smith JW, Nazy I. Cututtuka na lambar platelet: Tsarin rigakafi na rigakafin ƙwayar cuta, ƙarancin sabon jini, da kuma posttransfusion purpura. A cikin: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Ka'idoji da Aiki. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 131.