Mononucleosis

Mononucleosis, ko mono, cuta ce ta kwayar cuta wacce ke haifar da zazzabi, ciwon wuya, da kumburin lymph gland, galibi a wuya.

Mono yana yaduwa ta hanyar yau da kullun da kuma kusanci. An san shi da "cutar sumba." Mono yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin mutane masu shekaru 15 zuwa 17, amma kamuwa da cutar na iya bunkasa a kowane zamani.

Mono yana haifar da kwayar cutar Epstein-Barr (EBV). Ba da daɗewa ba, wasu ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da shi, kamar su cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Mono na iya farawa sannu a hankali tare da gajiya, jin ciwo gaba ɗaya, ciwon kai, da ƙoshin makogwaro. Ciwon makogwaro a hankali sai ya yi tsanani. Tumbil din ku sun zama kumbura kuma sun sami suturar fari-rawaya. Sau da yawa, ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin wuyansa suna kumbura da zafi.

Fure mai ruwan hoda, mai kama da kyanda na iya faruwa, kuma mai yiwuwa ne idan ka sha maganin ampicillin ko amoxicillin don ciwon makogwaro. (Yawanci ba a bayar da maganin rigakafi ba tare da gwajin da ya nuna kana da cutar ta rigakafin cutar ba.)

Kwayoyin cututtuka na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Bacci
• Zazzaɓi
• Babban rashin jin daɗi, rashin kwanciyar hankali, ko rashin lafiya
• Rashin ci
• Ciwan jiji ko tauri
• Rash
• Ciwon wuya
• Magungunan lymph da suka kumbura, galibi a cikin wuya da hamata

Ananan alamun bayyanar sune:

• Ciwon kirji
• Tari
• Gajiya
• Ciwon kai
• Kyauta
• Jaundice (launin rawaya zuwa fata da fararen idanu)
• Iffarfin wuya
• Hancin hanci
• Saurin bugun zuciya
• Sensitivity zuwa haske
• Rashin numfashi

Mai ba da lafiyar ku zai bincika ku. Suna iya samun:

• Magungunan lymph da suka kumbura a gaba da bayan wuyanka
• Tonsils da suka kumbura tare da suturar fari-rawaya
• Hannar kumbura ko baƙin ciki
• Rushewar fata

Za a yi gwajin jini, gami da:

• Farin ƙwayar jinin jini (WBC) ƙidaya: zai kasance sama da al'ada idan kuna da ƙwaya ɗaya
• Gwajin Monospot: zai zama tabbatacce ga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta
• Antibody titer: yana faɗi bambanci tsakanin kamuwa da cuta ta yanzu da wacce ta gabata

Makasudin magani shine don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka. Ana iya ba da maganin cututtukan steroid (prednisone) idan alamunku masu tsanani ne.

Magungunan rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar su acyclovir, ba su da wani amfani ko kaɗan.

Don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka:

• Sha ruwa mai yawa.
• Yi farga da ruwan gishiri mai dumi don sauƙaƙe ciwon makogwaro.
• Samu hutu sosai.
• Acauki acetaminophen ko ibuprofen don ciwo da zazzabi.

Hakanan a guji wasannin tuntuɓar idan saifa ta kumbura (don hana ta fashewa).

Zazzabin yakan sauka cikin kwanaki 10, kuma kumburin lymph gland da saifa yana warkewa cikin makonni 4. Gajiya yawanci yakan tafi cikin weeksan makonni kaɗan, amma yana iya yin jinkiri tsawon watanni 2 zuwa 3. Kusan kowa ya warke sarai.

Rarraba na mononucleosis na iya haɗawa da:

• Karancin jini, wanda ke faruwa yayin da jajayen jinin jini a cikin jini suka mutu da wuri fiye da yadda aka saba
• Hepatitis tare da jaundice (mafi yawanci a cikin mutanen da suka girmi 35)
• Gwaji ko kumburi
• Matsalolin tsarin jijiyoyi (wadanda ba kasafai ake samu ba), kamar su cutar Guillain-Barré, cutar sankarau, kamuwa da cuta, lalacewar jijiyar da ke sarrafa motsin tsokoki a fuska (Ciwon mara), da kuma motsi mara hade
• Spleen katsewa (ba safai ba, kauce wa matsi akan saifa)
• Rushewar fata (wanda ba a sani ba)

Mutuwa mai yiwuwa ne a cikin mutanen da suka sami karfin garkuwar jiki.

Farkon alamun cututtukan na daya yana jin sosai kamar kowace cuta da kwayar cuta ke haifarwa. Ba kwa buƙatar tuntuɓar mai bayarwa sai dai idan alamun ku sun wuce kwanaki 10 ko ku ci gaba:

• Ciwon ciki
• Matsalar numfashi
• Babban zazzaɓi mai ɗorewa (sama da 101.5 ° F ko 38.6 ° C)
• Tsananin ciwon kai
• Ciwo mai tsanani ko kumburin mara
• Rauni a cikin hannuwanku ko ƙafafunku
• Launi mai launin rawaya a idanunku ko fata

Kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa na cikin gida ko je ɗakin gaggawa idan kun ci gaba:

• Kaifi, kwatsam, tsananin ciwon ciki
• Neckarar wuya ko rauni mai tsanani
• Matsalar haɗiye ko numfashi

Mutanen da ke da ƙwayar cuta na iya zama masu yaduwa yayin da suke da alamun cutar kuma har zuwa toan watanni daga baya. Yaya tsawon lokacin da wani da ke dauke da cutar ke yaduwa ya bambanta. Kwayar cutar na iya rayuwa na wasu awanni a waje. Guji sumbatarwa ko raba kayan aiki idan ku ko wani na kusa da ku yana da mono.

Mono; Sumbatar cuta; Zazzabin Glandular

• Mononucleosis - photomicrograph na sel
• Mononucleosis - photomicrograph na sel
• Monwayar cutar mononucleosis # 3
• Acrodermatitis
• Splenomegaly
• Monwayar cutar mononucleosis
• Mononucleosis - photomicrograph na tantanin halitta
• Ciwon Gianotti-Crosti a kafa
• Mononucleosis - duba makogwaro
• Mononucleosis - bakin
• Antibodies

Ebell MH, Call M, Shinholser J, Gardner J. Shin wannan mai haƙuri yana da kwayar cutar mononucleosis?: Binciken ƙwararrun asibiti na yau da kullun. JAMA. 2016; 315 (14): 1502-1509. PMID: 27115266 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27115266/.

Johannsen EC, Kaye KM. Epstein-Barr virus (cututtukan mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr masu alaƙa da cututtukan cuta, da sauran cututtuka). A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 138.

Weinberg JB. Kwayar Epstein-Barr. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 281.

Lokacin hunturu JN. Gabatarwa ga mai haƙuri tare da lymphadenopathy da splenomegaly. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 159.