Buguwa

Shanyewar jiki yana faruwa yayin da jini ya gudana zuwa wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa ya tsaya. Wani lokaci ana kiran bugun jini "ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa."

Idan jini ya yanke ya fi na thanan daƙiƙoƙi, ƙwaƙwalwa ba za ta iya samun abinci da iskar oxygen ba. Kwayoyin kwakwalwa na iya mutuwa, suna haifar da lahani na har abada.

Hakanan bugun jini zai iya faruwa idan jijiyoyin jini a cikin kwakwalwa suka fashe, wanda zai haifar da zub da jini a cikin kai.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan bugun jini guda biyu:

• Ischemic bugun jini
• Maganin zubar jini

Harshen Ischemic yana faruwa yayin da jijiyoyin jini wanda ke ba da jini ga kwakwalwa ya toshe ta da daskararren jini.Wannan na iya faruwa ta hanyoyi biyu:

• Yarinya na iya zama a cikin jijiyar da ta riga ta zama kunkuntar. Wannan ana kiransa bugun jini na thrombotic.
• Yarinya na iya fashewa daga wani wurin a jijiyoyin jini na kwakwalwa, ko daga wani sashin jiki, sai ya yi tafiya har zuwa kwakwalwa. Wannan ana kiransa ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, ko bugun jini.

Hakanan bugun ischemic na iya haifar da wani abu mai ɗanko wanda ake kira plaque wanda zai iya toshe jijiyoyin jini.

Rashin bugun jini yana faruwa lokacin da jijiyoyin jini a wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa yayi rauni kuma ya buɗe. Wannan yana sa jini ya zube a cikin kwakwalwa. Wasu mutane suna da lahani a cikin jijiyoyin jini na kwakwalwa wanda ke sa wannan ya fi sauƙi. Wadannan lahani na iya haɗawa da:

• Aneurysm (yanki mai rauni a bangon jijiyoyin jini wanda ke haifar da jijiyoyin jini yin kumburi ko fitowa daga iska)
• Rashin daidaituwa ta jijiyoyin jini (AVM, haɗin mahaukaci tsakanin jijiyoyi da jijiyoyin jini)
• Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA; yanayin da sunadaran da ake kira amyloid suka gina a bangon jijiyoyin cikin kwakwalwa)

Hakanan zub da jini na jini na iya faruwa yayin da wani ke shan abubuwan rage jini, kamar warfarin (Coumadin). Hawan jini sosai na iya haifar da jijiyoyin jini fashewa, wanda ke haifar da bugun jini.

Bugun jini na ischemic na iya haifar da zubar jini da zama bugun jini.

Hawan jini shi ne babban abin da ke haifar da cutar shanyewar jiki. Sauran manyan abubuwan haɗarin sune:

• Bugun zuciya mara tsari, wanda ake kira atr fibrillation
• Ciwon suga
• Tarihin iyali na bugun jini
• Kasancewa namiji
• Babban cholesterol
• Ageara shekaru, musamman bayan shekaru 55
• Kabilanci (Baƙin Ba'amurke na iya mutuwa saboda bugun jini)
• Kiba
• Tarihin bugun jini na farko ko tashin hankali na istimic (yana faruwa lokacin da jini ya gudana zuwa wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa ya tsaya na ɗan gajeren lokaci)

Haɗarin bugun jini kuma ya fi girma a cikin:

• Mutanen da ke da cututtukan zuciya ko rashin wadataccen jini a ƙafafunsu sanadiyyar ƙananan hanyoyin jijiyoyin jiki
• Mutanen da ke da ɗabi'a mara kyau ta rayuwa irin su shan sigari, yawan shan giya, amfani da magungunan nishaɗi, abinci mai ƙiba, da rashin motsa jiki
• Matan da ke shan kwayoyin hana haihuwa (musamman waɗanda ke shan sigari kuma sun girmi 35)
• Mata masu juna biyu suna da haɗarin haɗari yayin da suke da ciki
• Matan da suke shan maganin maye gurbin hormone
• Patent foramen ovale (PFO), rami tsakanin hagu da dama atria (ɗakunan sama) na zuciya

Kwayar cutar bugun jini ya dogara da wane bangare na kwakwalwa ya lalace. A wasu lokuta, mutum ba zai san cewa bugun jini ya faru ba.

Yawancin lokaci, bayyanar cututtuka na ci gaba farat ɗaya ba tare da gargaɗi ba. Amma bayyanar cututtuka na iya faruwa a kuma kashe a rana ta farko ko biyu. Kwayar cutar galibi galibi tana da tsanani yayin bugun jini na farko ya fara faruwa, amma a hankali suna iya zama mafi muni.

Ciwon kai na iya faruwa idan bugun jini ya zama sanadin zubar jini a cikin kwakwalwa. Ciwon kai:

• Farawa farat ɗaya kuma yana iya zama mai tsanani
• Zai iya zama mafi muni lokacin da kake kwance kwance
• Ya tashe ka daga barci
• Ya zama mafi muni lokacin da kuka canza matsayi ko lokacin da kuka lanƙwasa, damuwa, ko tari

Sauran cututtukan sun dogara ne da tsananin bugun jini, kuma wane ɓangare na ƙwaƙwalwa ya shafa. Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Canji a faɗakarwa (gami da bacci, sumewa, da suma)
• Canje-canje a ji ko dandano
• Canje-canjen da suka shafi taɓawa da ikon jin zafi, matsa lamba, ko yanayin zafi daban-daban
• Rikicewa ko asarar ƙwaƙwalwa
• Matsaloli haɗiyewa
• Matsalar rubutu ko karatu
• Rashin hankali ko motsin rai mara kyau (vertigo)
• Matsalar gani, kamar rage gani, gani biyu, ko rasa gani gaba daya
• Rashin iko akan mafitsara ko hanji
• Rashin daidaituwa ko daidaituwa, ko matsalar tafiya
• Raunin jijiyoyi a fuska, hannu, ko kafa (yawanci a gefe ɗaya)
• Jin ƙyama ko ƙwanƙwasawa a gefe ɗaya na jiki
• Hali, yanayi, ko canje-canje na motsin rai
• Matsalar magana ko fahimtar wasu da suke magana

Dikita zai yi gwajin jiki don:

• Bincika matsalolin hangen nesa, motsi, ji, ra'ayoyi, fahimta, da magana. Likitan ku da likitocin jinya za su maimaita wannan gwajin a kan lokaci don ganin idan bugun jikin ku yana ta ƙaruwa ko inganta.
• Saurari jijiyoyin carotid a cikin wuya tare da stethoscope don wani sauti mara kyau, wanda ake kira bruit, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon kwararar jini mara kyau.
• Bincika don hawan jini.

Kuna iya samun gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa don taimakawa gano iri, wuri, da kuma dalilin bugun jini da kuma kawar da wasu matsaloli:

• CT scan na kwakwalwa don sanin idan akwai wani zub da jini
• MRI na kwakwalwa don ƙayyade wurin bugun jini
• Angiogram na kai don neman jijiyoyin jini da aka toshe ko zubar jini
• Carotid duplex (duban dan tayi) don ganin idan jijiyoyin wuyan wuyanka sun takaita
• Echocardiogram don ganin idan bugun jini na iya faruwa ne sakamakon daskarewar jini daga zuciya
• Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) ko CT angiography don bincika ƙarancin jijiyoyin jini mara kyau a cikin kwakwalwa

Sauran gwaje-gwaje sun haɗa da:

• Gwajin jini
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) don tantance idan akwai kamawa
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) da kuma lura da motsawar zuciya

Wani bugun jini ne gaggawa na likita. Ana buƙatar magani mai sauri. Kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa na gaggawa kai tsaye ko neman gaggawa na gaggawa a alamun farko na bugun jini.

Mutanen da ke fama da alamun bugun jini suna buƙatar zuwa asibiti da wuri-wuri.

• Idan bugun jini ya samo asali ne daga daskarewar jini, za a iya ba da magani mai narkewar jini don narkewar.
• Don yin tasiri, dole ne a fara wannan maganin a tsakanin awanni 3 zuwa 4 1/2 na lokacin da alamun suka fara farawa. Da zarar an fara wannan magani, mafi kyawun damar kyakkyawan sakamako.

Sauran jinyar da ake yi a asibiti sun dogara da dalilin bugun jini. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da:

• Magungunan jini kamar su heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), aspirin, ko clopidogrel (Plavix)
• Magunguna don sarrafa abubuwan haɗari, kamar hawan jini, ciwon sukari, da babban cholesterol
• Hanyoyi na musamman ko tiyata don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka ko hana ƙarin shanyewar jiki
• Na gina jiki da ruwaye

Magungunan jiki, maganin aiki, maganin magana, da maganin haɗiye duk zasu fara a asibiti. Idan mutum yana da matsaloli masu haɗiyewa, maiyuwa ana buƙatar bututun ciyarwa a cikin ciki (gastrostomy tube).

Manufar magani bayan shanyewar jiki shine don taimaka muku murmurewa kamar yadda ya kamata kuma ku hana bugun jini na gaba.

Za a fara murmurewa daga bugun jikinka yayin da kake cikin asibiti ko a wata cibiyar samun lafiya. Zai ci gaba idan kun koma gida daga asibiti ko cibiyar. Tabbatar da bibiyar mai kula da lafiyar ka bayan ka koma gida.

Ana samun tallafi da albarkatu daga Stungiyar Stroke ta Amurka - www.stroke.org/en/help-and-support.

Yaya kyau mutum yake bayan bugun jini ya dogara da:

• Nau'in bugun jini
• Nawa kwakwalwar ta lalace
• Abin da aikin jiki ya shafa
• Yaya saurin ba da magani

Matsalolin motsi, tunani, da magana galibi suna haɓaka a cikin makonni zuwa watanni bayan shanyewar jiki.

Mutane da yawa da suka kamu da bugun jini za su ci gaba da inganta a cikin watanni ko shekaru bayan shanyewar jiki.

Fiye da rabin mutanen da ke fama da bugun jini suna iya yin aiki kuma suna zaune a gida. Wasu kuma ba sa iya kula da kansu.

Idan jiyya tare da kwayoyi masu saurin kumburi sun yi nasara, alamun cutar shanyewar jiki na iya gushewa. Koyaya, mutane galibi basa saurin zuwa asibiti don karɓar waɗannan magungunan, ko kuma baza su iya shan waɗannan magungunan ba saboda yanayin lafiya.

Mutanen da suka sami bugun jini daga daskararren jini (ischemic stroke) suna da damar samun rayuwa mafi kyau fiye da waɗanda ke da bugun jini daga jini a cikin kwakwalwa (hemorrhagic stroke).

Haɗarin bugun jini na biyu ya fi girma a cikin makonni ko watanni bayan bugun farko. Haɗarin ya fara raguwa bayan wannan lokacin.

Stroke na gaggawa ne na likita wanda ke buƙatar kulawa nan take. Kundin kalmomi F.A.S.T. hanya ce mai sauƙi don tuna alamun bugun jini da abin da za ku yi idan kuna tunanin bugun jini ya auku. Abu mafi mahimmanci don ɗauka shine kiran 911 ko lambar gaggawa na gida yanzun nan don taimakon gaggawa.

F.A.S.T. yana nufin:

• FUSKA. Nemi mutumin yayi murmushi. Bincika idan wani gefen fuska ya faɗi.
• Hannun kafa. Tambayi mutumin ya daga hannayensa biyu. Duba idan hannu daya ya karkata zuwa kasa.
• JAWABI. Nemi mutumin ya maimaita wata jumla mai sauƙi. Bincika idan kalmomi sun ɓace kuma idan kalmar ta maimaita daidai.
• LOKACI. Idan mutum ya nuna ɗayan waɗannan alamun, lokaci yana da mahimmanci. Yana da mahimmanci a je asibiti da wuri-wuri. Kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa ta gida. Dokar F.A.S.T.

Rage abubuwan da ke tattare da bugun jini yana rage damar samun bugun jini.

Cerebrovascular cuta; CVA; Ciwon kwakwalwa; Zubar jini a kwakwalwa; Ischemic bugun jini; Bugun jini - ischemic; Hatsarin Cerebrovascular; Bugun jini - hemorrhagic; Maganin Carotid - bugun jini

• Angioplasty da stent jeri - carotid jijiya - fitarwa
• Yin aiki lokacin da kake da cututtukan zuciya
• Brain aneurysm gyara - fitarwa
• Butter, margarine, da man girki
• Kula da jijiyoyin tsoka ko spasms
• Yin aikin tiyata na Carotid - fitarwa
• Sadarwa tare da wani tare da aphasia
• Sadarwa tare da wani tare da dysarthria
• Maƙarƙashiya - kula da kai
• Rashin hankali da tuki
• Dementia - halayyar mutum da matsalolin bacci
• Dementia - kulawar yau da kullun
• Rashin hankali - kiyaye lafiya a cikin gida
• Dementia - abin da za a tambayi likita
• Cin karin adadin kuzari yayin rashin lafiya - manya
• Ciwon kai - menene za a tambayi likitan ku
• Hawan jini - abin da za ka tambayi likitanka
• Hana faduwa
• Bugun jini - fitarwa
• Matsalar haɗiya

• Brain
• Carotid stenosis - X-ray na jijiyoyin hagu
• Carotid stenosis - X-ray na jijiyar dama
• Buguwa
• Aikin kwakwalwa
• Cerebellum - aiki
• Da'irar Willis
• Hagu na kwakwalwa - aiki
• Hannun dama na kwakwalwa - aiki
• Tashin ciki
• Ginin allo a cikin jijiyoyin jini
• Buguwa - jerin
• Carotid rarraba

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Wilson PWF, Polonsky TS, Miedema MD, Khera A, Kosinski AS, Kuvin JT. Bincike na yau da kullun don 2018 AHA / ACC / AACVPR / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / ADA / AGS / APhA / ASPC / NLA / PCNA jagororin kula da ƙwayar cholesterol na jini: sune tashar kwalejin cututtukan zuciya ta Amurka / Americanungiyar Heartungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka Ka'idodin Gwajin Gwajin Clinical [gyaran da aka buga ya bayyana a cikin J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Jun 25; 73 (24): 3242]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019; 73 (24): 3210-3227. PMID: 30423394 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30423394/.

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