Mahara sclerosis

Magungunan sclerosis (MS) cuta ce ta autoimmune wacce ke shafar kwakwalwa da laka (tsarin jijiyoyin tsakiya).

MS ta fi shafar mata fiye da maza. Ana yawan gano cutar ne tsakanin shekaru 20 zuwa 40, amma ana iya ganin ta a kowane zamani.

Ana haifar da MS ta lalacewar kwalliyar myelin. Wannan kwalliyar ita ce suturar kariya wacce ke kewaye da kwayoyin jijiyoyi. Lokacin da wannan murfin jijiya ya lalace, siginar jijiyar tana jinkiri ko tsayawa.

Lalacewar jijiyar ta haifar da kumburi. Kumburi yana faruwa ne lokacin da ƙwayoyin jiki na jiki suka afkawa tsarin mai juyayi. Wannan na iya faruwa tare da kowane yanki na kwakwalwa, jijiyar gani, da kashin baya.

Ba a san abin da ke haifar da cutar ta MS ba. Mafi yawan tunani shine cewa kwayar cuta ce ta haifar da shi, rashin kwayar halitta, ko duka biyun. Hakanan halayen muhalli na iya taka rawa.

Da alama za ku iya fuskantar wannan yanayin idan kuna da tarihin iyali na MS ko kuna zaune a wani ɓangare na duniya inda MS ta fi yawa.

Kwayar cutar ta banbanta saboda wuri da tsananin kowane harin na iya zama daban. Hare-hare na iya ɗaukar kwanaki, makonni, ko watanni. Hare-hare suna biye da remissions. Waɗannan lokuta ne na rage alamun ko babu alamun bayyanar. Zazzaɓi, baho mai zafi, saukar rana, da damuwa na iya haifar ko tsananta hare-hare.

Abu ne gama gari cutar ta dawo (sake dawowa). Haka kuma cutar na iya ci gaba da zama mafi muni ba tare da sake sakewa ba.

Jijiyoyi a kowane bangare na kwakwalwa ko lakar ka na iya lalacewa. Saboda wannan, alamun cutar MS na iya bayyana a cikin ɓangarorin jiki da yawa.

Muscle bayyanar cututtuka:

• Rashin daidaituwa
• Magungunan tsoka
• Umbararrawa ko rashin jin daɗi a kowane yanki
• Matsalolin motsi hannu ko kafafu
• Matsalar tafiya
• Matsaloli tare da daidaituwa da yin ƙananan motsi
• Rawar jiki a ɗaya ko fiye da hannu ko ƙafa
• Rashin rauni a ɗaya ko fiye da hannu ko ƙafa

Hannun hanji da mafitsara:

• Maƙarƙashiya da kwararar ɗakuna
• Matsalar fara yin fitsari
• M bukatar yin fitsari
• Urgearfin ƙarfi don yin fitsari
• Fitsari (fitsari)

Alamun ido:

• Gani biyu
• Rashin jin daɗin ido
• Motsi ido mara izini
• Rashin gani (yawanci yakan shafi ido ɗaya a lokaci guda)

Jin rauni, tingling, ko zafi:

• Ciwon fuska
• Zafin tsoka mai zafi
• Jin jiki, rarrafe, ko jin zafi a hannu da ƙafafu

Sauran kwakwalwa da jijiyoyin cututtuka:

• Rage kulawa, rashin tunani, da kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
• Matsalar hankali da warware matsaloli
• Bacin rai ko kuma bakin ciki
• Matsalar rashin nutsuwa da daidaitawa
• Rashin ji

Alamar jima'i:

• Matsaloli tare da tsage
• Matsaloli tare da shafa man farji

Jawabin da haɗiyar alamun:

• Jawabi mai wahala ko fahimta
• Matsalar taunawa da haɗiyewa

Gajiya alama ce ta gama gari kuma mai wahala yayin da ci gaban MS ke ci gaba. Yana da yawa mafi muni a cikin maraice maraice.

Kwayar cututtukan na MS na iya yin kama da na sauran matsalolin matsalolin tsarin. Ana bincikar MS ta hanyar tantancewa idan akwai alamun hari fiye da ɗaya a kan ƙwaƙwalwa ko ƙashin baya da kuma yanke wasu halaye.

Mutanen da ke da wani nau'in MS da ake kira MS-repsing-remitting MS suna da tarihin aƙalla hare-hare biyu da aka raba da gafara.

A wasu mutane, cutar na iya zama sannu a hankali a tsakanin bayyananniyar hare-hare. Wannan nau'in ana kiransa MS na gaba mai zuwa. Wani nau'i tare da ci gaba a hankali, amma babu bayyanannun hare-hare da ake kira MS na gaba mai ci gaba.

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na iya zargin MS idan akwai raguwa a cikin aiki na ɓangarori biyu daban-daban na tsarin mai juyayi na tsakiya (kamar su abubuwan da ba su dace ba) a lokuta biyu daban-daban.

Nazarin tsarin juyayi na iya nuna rage aikin jijiya a wani yanki na jiki. Ko kuma rage aikin jijiyar na iya yaduwa a sassan jiki da yawa. Wannan na iya haɗawa da:

• Abubuwan da ba na al'ada ba
• Rage ikon motsa wani sashi na jiki
• Rage ko rashin hankali
• Sauran asarar ayyukan juyayi suna aiki, kamar hangen nesa

Gwajin ido na iya nuna:

• Rarrabawar ɗalibai mara kyau
• Canje-canje a cikin filayen gani ko motsin ido
• Rage ƙarancin gani
• Matsaloli tare da sassan cikin ido
• Saurin motsi ido ya jawo lokacin da ido ya motsa

Gwaje-gwajen don tantance MS sun haɗa da:

• Gwajin jini don kawar da wasu yanayin da suke kama da MS.
• Lumbar puncture (kashin baya) don gwaje-gwajen ƙwayoyin cuta (CSF), gami da CSF oligoclonal banding ana iya buƙata.
• Binciken MRI na kwakwalwa ko kashin baya, ko duka biyun suna da mahimmanci don taimakawa gano asali da bin MS.
• Nazarin aiki na jijiyoyi (yiwuwar gwajin gwagwarmaya, kamar amsawar gani da ido) ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba.

Babu sanannen magani ga MS a wannan lokacin, amma akwai magunguna waɗanda zasu iya rage cutar. Manufar magani ita ce dakatar da ci gaba, sarrafa alamun cuta, da taimaka maka ci gaba da rayuwa mai kyau.

Magunguna sukan sha na dogon lokaci. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Magunguna don rage cutar
• Steroid don rage tsananin harin
• Magunguna don sarrafa alamomi kamar su tsokawar tsoka, matsalolin fitsari, gajiya, ko matsalolin yanayi

Magunguna sun fi tasiri ga nau'in sake komowa fiye da na sauran hanyoyin MS.

Mai zuwa yana iya zama taimako ga mutanen da ke da MS:

• Magungunan jiki, maganin magana, maganin sana'a, da ƙungiyoyin tallafi
• Na'urorin taimakawa, kamar keken guragu, kayan gado, kujerun wanka, masu yawo, da sandunan bango
• Shirye-shiryen motsa jiki da aka shirya a farkon lokacin rashin lafiyar
• Salon rayuwa mai kyau, tare da kyakkyawan abinci mai gina jiki da wadataccen hutu da shakatawa
• Gujewa gajiya, damuwa, tsananin zafin jiki, da rashin lafiya
• Canje-canje a cikin abin da kuke ci ko sha idan akwai matsalolin haɗiye
• Yin canje-canje a kusa da gida don hana faduwa
• Ma'aikatan zamantakewar jama'a ko wasu sabis na ba da shawara don taimaka muku don jure rashin lafiya da samun taimako
• Vitamin D ko wasu kari (yi magana da mai baka dama)
• Andarin hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su, kamar acupuncture ko cannabis, don taimakawa matsalolin tsoka
• Na'urori na kashin baya na iya rage zafi da rawan jiki a kafafu

Rayuwa tare da MS na iya zama ƙalubale. Kuna iya sauƙaƙa damuwar rashin lafiya ta hanyar shiga ƙungiyar tallafi na MS. Yin tarayya tare da wasu waɗanda suke da masaniya da matsaloli na yau da kullun na iya taimaka muku kada ku ji ku kaɗai.

Sakamakon ya bambanta, kuma yana da wuyar faɗi.Kodayake rikicewar ya kasance tsawon rai (na yau da kullun) kuma ba shi da magani, tsawon rai na iya zama na al'ada ko kusan na al'ada. Yawancin mutane tare da MS suna aiki kuma suna aiki a cikin aiki tare da ƙaramin nakasa.

Wadanda galibi suke da kyakkyawan fata sune:

• Mata
• Mutanen da suka kasance matasa (ƙasa da shekaru 30) lokacin da cutar ta fara
• Mutanen da ke yawan kai hare-hare
• Mutanen da suke da tsarin sake komowa
• Mutanen da ke da iyakance cuta akan nazarin hoto

Yawan tawaya da rashin jin daɗi ya dogara da:

• Yaya yawan hare-haren suke
• Angaren tsarin jijiyoyin tsakiya wanda ke fuskantar kowane harin

Yawancin mutane suna komawa aiki na yau da kullun ko kusa-daidai tsakanin hare-hare. Bayan lokaci, akwai babban hasara na aiki tare da ƙara haɓaka tsakanin hare-hare.

MS na iya haifar da mai zuwa:

• Bacin rai
• Matsalar haɗiyewa
• Matsalar tunani
• Lessasa da ƙasa da ikon kula da kai
• Ana buƙatar catheter na zama
• Osteoporosis ko raguwar kasusuwa
• Ciwan kai
• Sakamakon sakamako na magunguna da ake amfani dasu don magance matsalar
• Cututtukan fitsari

Kira mai ba da sabis idan:

• Kuna inganta kowane alamun MS
• Kwayar cututtukanku suna daɗa muni, koda da magani
• Yanayin ya ta'azzara har zuwa lokacin da kulawar gida ba zai yiwu ba

MS; Demyelinating cuta

• Kula da jijiyoyin tsoka ko spasms
• Maƙarƙashiya - kula da kai
• Shirin kula da hanji kullum
• Mahara sclerosis - fitarwa
• Hana ulcershin matsa lamba
• Matsalar haɗiya

• Mahara sclerosis
• MRI na kwakwalwa
• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da tsarin juyayi na gefe
• Myelin da tsarin jijiya

Calabresi PA, Magungunan sclerosis da yawa da yanayin lalata tsarin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 383.

Fabian MT, Krieger SC, Lublin FD. Magungunan sclerosis da sauran cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 80.

Rae-Grant A, Day GS, Marrie RA, et al. Gudanar da shawarwarin jagorar taƙaitaccen bayani: hanyoyin magance cututtukan cututtukan tsofaffi tare da cututtukan sclerosis masu yawa: rahoto game da Ci gaban Jagora, Yadawa, da Imaddamar da Kwamitin Kwamitin Cibiyar Nazarin Neurology na Amurka. Neurology. 2018; 90 (17): 777-788. PMID: 29686116 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29686116.