Abswayar kwakwalwa

Absarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tarin mahaɗa ne, ƙwayoyin cuta, da sauran abubuwa a cikin kwakwalwa, wanda ke haifar da kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta.

Cesswarewar ƙwaƙwalwa yawanci na faruwa yayin da ƙwayoyin cuta ko fungi suka mamaye wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa. A sakamakon haka, kumburi da hangula (kumburi) suna haɓaka. Kwayoyin kwakwalwa masu dauke da cutar, farin kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin cuta da suka mutu ko kuma fungi da ake tarawa a yankin kwakwalwa. Nau'in nama yana kewayawa a wannan yankin kuma yana haifar da taro ko ƙura.

Kwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da matsalar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa na iya isa ga kwakwalwa ta cikin jini. Ko kuma, suna shiga kwakwalwa kai tsaye, kamar lokacin aikin tiyatar kwakwalwa. A wasu lokuta, matsalar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa tana tasowa daga kamuwa da cuta a cikin sinus.

Ba a samo asalin kamuwa da cutar. Koyaya, tushen mafi yawan shine cututtukan huhu. Kadan sau da yawa, kamuwa da ciwon zuciya shine dalilin.

Abubuwan da ke gaba suna ba ku damar haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa:

• Tsarin garkuwar jiki ya raunana (kamar mutane masu HIV / AIDS)
• Cutar da ake fama da ita, kamar su cutar kansa
• Magungunan da ke hana tsarin rigakafi (corticosteroids ko chemotherapy)
• Cutar cututtukan zuciya

Kwayar cututtukan cututtuka na iya haɓaka a hankali, na tsawon makonni da yawa, ko kuma na iya haɓaka ba zato ba tsammani. Suna iya haɗawa da:

• Canje-canje a cikin halin tunani, kamar rikicewa, jinkirin amsawa ko tunani, kasa mayar da hankali, ko bacci
• Rage ikon jin abin dadi
• Zazzabi da sanyi
• Ciwon kai, kamuwa, ko wuya mai wuya
• Matsalar yare
• Rashin aikin tsoka, yawanci a gefe ɗaya
• Gani ya canza
• Amai
• Rashin ƙarfi

Kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi (neurological) yawanci zai nuna alamun matsin lamba a cikin kwanyar da matsaloli tare da aikin kwakwalwa.

Gwaje-gwajen don gano ƙurar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa na iya haɗawa da:

• Al'adun jini
• Kirjin x-ray
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Shugaban CT scan
• Kayan lantarki (EEG)
• MRI na kai
• Gwaji don kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa wasu ƙwayoyin cuta

Yawanci ana yin biopsy na allura don gano dalilin kamuwa da cutar.

Absarfin ƙwaƙwalwa shine gaggawa na likita. Matsawa a cikin kokon kai na iya zama mai isa har ya zama barazanar rai. Kuna buƙatar zama a asibiti har sai yanayin ya daidaita. Wasu mutane na iya buƙatar tallafi na rayuwa.

Ana ba da shawarar magani, ba tiyata ba, idan kuna da:

• Absaramar ƙura (kasa da 2 cm)
• Wani ƙura a cikin kwakwalwa
• Wani ƙura da sankarau
• Yawancin ɓarna (ba safai ba)
• Shunts a cikin kwakwalwa don hydrocephalus (a wasu lokuta, shunt na iya buƙatar cire shi na ɗan lokaci ko maye gurbinsa)
• Kamuwa da cuta da ake kira toxoplasmosis a cikin mutumin da ke da cutar HIV / AIDS

Za a iya rubuta maka magunguna daban-daban na maganin rigakafi don tabbatar da aiki yana aiki.

Hakanan za a iya ba da magungunan magungunan antifungal idan mai yiwuwa cutar ta hanyar naman gwari.

Ana buƙatar aikin tiyata idan:

• Pressureara matsin lamba a cikin kwakwalwa na ci gaba ko kuma munana
• Absarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ba ya karami bayan magani
• Abswarewar ƙwaƙwalwa tana ɗauke da gas (wanda wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta ke samarwa)
• Abswaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa na iya buɗewa (fashewa)
• Kwakwalwar kwakwalwa tana da girma (fiye da 2 cm)

Yin tiyata ya kunshi buɗe kwanyar kai, fallatsar kwakwalwa, da zubda ƙwarjin. Galibi ana yin gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje don bincika ruwan. Wannan yana taimakawa gano musabbabin kamuwa da cutar, ta yadda za a bada umarnin maganin rigakafi na dama ko maganin rigakafi.

Buƙatar buƙata ta hanyar CT ko MRI na iya buƙata don zurfin ɓarna. A yayin wannan aikin, ana iya yin magungunan kai tsaye cikin taro.

Hakanan za'a iya amfani da wasu maganin bugun ciki (magungunan da ke rage ruwa a jiki, wanda ake kira kwayoyi na ruwa) da kuma magungunan rage hawan kumburi.

Idan ba a kula da shi ba, toshewar ƙwaƙwalwa kusan koyaushe tana kisa. Tare da magani, yawan mutuwar kusan 10% zuwa 30%. An karɓi magani na farko, mafi kyau.

Wasu mutane na iya samun matsalolin tsarin jin tsoro na dogon lokaci bayan tiyata.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Lalacewar kwakwalwa
• Cutar sankarau mai tsanani da barazanar rai
• Komawa (sake dawowa) na kamuwa da cuta
• Kamawa

Je zuwa asibitin gaggawa ko kiran lambar gaggawa na cikin gida (kamar su 911) idan kuna da alamun rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

Zaka iya rage haɗarin haɓaka ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta hanyar yin maganin cututtukan cuta ko matsalolin kiwon lafiya waɗanda zasu iya haifar da su.

Wasu mutane, gami da waɗanda ke da wasu cututtukan zuciya, na iya karɓar maganin rigakafi kafin haƙori ko wasu hanyoyin don taimakawa rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta.

Cessuntataccen - kwakwalwa; Ciwon kwakwalwa; CNS ƙura

• Yin tiyatar kwakwalwa - fitarwa

• Bicwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar Amebic
• Brain

Gea-Banacloche JC, Tunkel AR. Abswayar kwakwalwa. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 90.

Nath A, Berger JR. Absarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da cututtukan parameningeal. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 385.