Fahimtar tasirin cutar kansa

Tsarin cutar kansa wata hanya ce ta bayyana yawan cutar daji a jikinka da kuma inda take a jikinka. Yin kallo yana taimakawa wajen gano inda asalin kumburin yake, yadda girman sa yake, ko ya bazu, da kuma inda ya bazu.

Ciwon daji na iya taimaka wa mai ba da lafiyar ku:

• Ayyade hangen nesanku (damar dawowa ko kuma yiwuwar cutar kansa zai dawo)
• Shirya maganin ku
• Gano gwaji na asibiti da zaku iya shiga

Har ila yau, gabatarwa yana ba masu samarda yare na gama gari don amfani dasu don bayyana da tattauna kansar.

Ciwon daji shine haɓakar da ba'a iya sarrafawa na ƙwayoyin cuta a jiki. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin sukan zama ƙari. Wannan ƙari zai iya girma zuwa cikin kayan ciki da gabobi. Yayinda cutar kansa ta ci gaba, kwayoyin cutar kansar daga kumburin na iya ballewa su bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki ta hanyoyin jini ko na lymph. Lokacin da cutar daji ta bazu, ciwace-ciwace na iya zama cikin wasu gabobi da sassan jiki. Yaduwar cutar kansa ana kiranta metastasis.

Ana amfani da yin maganin kansa don taimakawa wajen bayyana ci gaban cutar kansa. An bayyana shi sau da yawa ta:

• Matsayi na asali (asali) ƙari da nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta
• Girman ƙwayar farko
• Ko ciwon daji ya yadu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph
• Yawan kumburi daga cutar kansa wanda ya bazu
• Tumor sa (yaya yawan kwayar cutar kansa kamar sel na al'ada)

Don kimanta kansar ku, mai ba ku sabis na iya yin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban, ya danganta da inda kansar take a jikin ku. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da:

• Gwajin hoto, kamar su x-rays, CT scans, PET scans, ko MRIs
• Lab gwaje-gwaje
• Biopsy

Hakanan kuna iya yin aikin tiyata don cire kansar da ƙwayoyin lymph ko bincika kansar a jikinku ku ɗauki samfurin nama. Ana gwada waɗannan samfuran kuma suna iya ba da cikakken bayani game da matakin cutar kansa.

Tsarin da aka fi dacewa don maganin ciwon daji a cikin sifa mai ƙarfi shine tsarin TNM. Yawancin masu samarwa da cibiyoyin cutar kansa suna amfani dashi don ƙaddamar da mafi yawan cututtukan. Tsarin TNM ya dogara ne akan:

• Girman da firamare na farko (T)
• Yaya yawan cutar kansa ya yada zuwa kusa ƙwayoyin lymph (N)
• Ciwon kai (M), ko idan kuma yaya cutar kansa ta yada zuwa wasu yankuna na jiki

Ana kara lambobi a kowane fanni wanda yake bayanin girman kumburin da kuma yadda ya yadu. Mafi girman lambar, mafi girman girman kuma mai yuwuwa cutar kansa ta bazu.

Primary Tumor (T):

• TX: Ba za a iya auna ƙwayar ƙari ba.
• T0: Ba za a iya samun kumburin ba.
• Tis: An gano ƙwayoyin cuta marasa kyau, amma ba su bazu ba. Ana kiran wannan carcinoma a cikin wuri.
• T1, T2, T3, T4: Nuna girman asalin ƙwayar cuta da kuma yadda ta yadu a cikin kayan da ke kewaye.

Lymph Nodes (N):

• NX: Lymph node ba za a iya kimantawa ba
• N0: Babu wata cutar kansa da aka samo a cikin kumburin lymph
• N1, N2, N3: Lamba da kuma wuraren da ƙwayoyin lymph suka haɗu inda cutar kansa ta bazu

Metastasis (M):

• MX: Metastasis ba za a iya kimantawa ba
• M0: Babu wata cuta data gano (cutar daji bata yadu ba)
• M1: Metastasis an samo (ciwon daji ya yada zuwa wasu sassan jiki)

A matsayin misali, cutar sankarar mafitsara T3 N0 M0 na nufin akwai babban ƙari (T3) wanda bai bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph ba (N0) ko kuma ko'ina cikin jiki (M0).

Wani lokaci ana amfani da wasu haruffa da ƙananan rukuni ban da waɗanda ke sama.

Hakanan za'a iya amfani da ƙirar ƙari, kamar G1-G4 tare da ɗaukar hoto. Wannan yana bayanin yadda yawancin kwayoyin cutar kansa suke kama da ƙwayoyin al'ada a ƙarƙashin microscope. Lambobi mafi girma suna nuna ƙwayoyin cuta mara kyau. Thearancin ciwon daji yana kama da ƙwayoyin yau da kullun, da sauri zai girma kuma yaɗu.

Ba duk cututtukan daji ake amfani dasu ba ta amfani da tsarin TNM. Wannan saboda wasu cututtukan daji, musamman na jini da ƙashin kashin ƙashi kamar cutar sankarar bargo, ba sa yin ƙari ko yaɗuwa ta hanya guda. Don haka ana amfani da wasu tsarin don tsara wadannan cututtukan.

An sanya mataki zuwa kansar ku dangane da ƙimar TNM da sauran abubuwan. An tsara nau'o'in ciwon daji daban daban. Misali, mataki na III na ciwon kansa na hanji ba daidai yake da na mataki na III na kansar mafitsara ba. Gabaɗaya, mataki mafi girma yana nufin ci gaba mai saurin ci gaba.

• Mataki na 0: Kwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun suna nan, amma ba su yadu ba
• Mataki Na, II, III: Nuna girman ƙari da kuma yadda cutar daji ta bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph
• Mataki na huɗu: Cutar ta bazu zuwa wasu gabobi da kayan ciki

Da zarar an sanya ma kansar ka mataki, ba zai canza ba, koda kuwa kansar ta dawo. Ana gudanar da cutar daji bisa ga abin da aka gano lokacin da aka gano shi.

Kwamitin Hadin Kan Amurka kan gidan yanar gizo na Cancer. Tsarin maganin ciwon daji. cancerstaging.org/references-tools/Pages/What-is-Cancer-Staging.aspx. An shiga Nuwamba 3, 2020.

Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Neoplasia. A cikin: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, eds. Robbins Basic Pathology. 10 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 6.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Ciwon daji www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging .Haka An sabunta Maris 9, 2015. An shiga Nuwamba 3, 2020.

• Ciwon daji