Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis yana kumburi da ƙura a cikin ƙananan hanyoyin iska a cikin huhu (bronchioles). Yawanci saboda cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ne.

Bronchiolitis yawanci yakan shafi yara yan ƙasa da shekaru 2, tare da ƙarancin shekaru 3 zuwa 6. Yana da na kowa, da kuma wani lokacin mai tsanani rashin lafiya. Magungunan haɗin iska (RSV) shine sanadin kowa. Fiye da rabin dukkan jarirai suna kamuwa da wannan kwayar cutar ta haihuwar su ta farko.

Sauran ƙwayoyin cuta da zasu iya haifar da mashako sun hada da:

• Adenovirus
• Mura
• Parainfluenza

Ana kamuwa da kwayar cutar ga jarirai ta hanyar haduwa kai tsaye da ruwan hanci da ma wuya na wani da ke da cutar. Wannan na iya faruwa yayin da wani yaro ko babba wanda ke da ƙwayar cuta:

• Sneez ko tari a kusa kuma ƙananan digo a cikin iska sai jariri ya hura shi
• Ya taɓa kayan wasa ko wasu abubuwa waɗanda jariri zai taɓa su

Bronchiolitis yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin kaka da hunturu fiye da sauran lokutan shekara. Babban dalili ne na gama gari don a kwantar da jarirai a lokacin sanyi da farkon bazara.

Hanyoyin haɗari na mashako sun hada da:

• Kasancewa kusa da hayakin sigari
• Beingarancin shekaru 6
• Rayuwa cikin yanayi mai cunkoso
• Rashin shayarwa
• Ana haifuwa kafin makonni 37 na ciki

Wasu yara suna da 'yan kaɗan ko kaɗan alamun alamun.

Bronchiolitis yana farawa azaman ƙananan ƙananan cututtuka na numfashi. A tsakanin kwanaki 2 zuwa 3, yaron ya kamu da ƙarin matsalolin numfashi, gami da kumburi da tari.

Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• Bullar fata saboda rashin isashshen oxygen (cyanosis) - ana buƙatar magani na gaggawa
• Matsalar numfashi gami da shakar numfashi da gajeren numfashi
• Tari
• Gajiya
• Zazzaɓi
• Tsoka a kusa da haƙarƙarin ya nitse yayin da yaron yake ƙoƙarin numfashi a ciki (wanda ake kira retractions intercostal)
• Hancin hancin jarirai yana fadada yayin numfashi
• Saurin numfashi (tachypnea)

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki. Ana iya jin motsi da sautin kara ta cikin na'urar daukar hoto.

Yawancin lokaci, ana iya bincikar cututtukan mashako dangane da alamun cutar da kuma gwajin.

Gwajin da za a iya yi sun hada da:

• Iskar gas
• Kirjin x-ray
• Al'adar samfurin ruwan hanci don tantance kwayar cutar da ke haifar da cutar

Babban mahimmancin magani shine don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka, kamar wahalar numfashi da shaƙuwa. Wasu yara na iya buƙatar zama a asibiti idan matsalolin numfashin su ba su inganta ba bayan an lura da su a asibitin ko ɗakin gaggawa.

Magungunan rigakafi ba sa aiki da ƙwayoyin cuta. Magunguna waɗanda ke kula da ƙwayoyin cuta ana iya amfani dasu don kula da yara marasa lafiya.

A cikin gida, ana iya amfani da matakan don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka. Misali:

• Ka sa ɗanka ya sha ruwa da yawa. Ruwan nono ko madara na da kyau ga yara ƙanana 12. Abin sha na lantarki, kamar su Pedialyte, suma suna da kyau ga jarirai.
• Ka sa yaronka ya sha iska mai danshi (danshi) wanda zai taimaka makalewar dattin gam. Yi amfani da danshi don jika iska.
• Bada wa ɗanka ruwan gishiri. Sannan amfani da kwan fitila na jan hanci domin taimakawa fitar hanci mai toshewar hanci.
• Tabbatar cewa ɗanka ya sami hutawa sosai.

Kar ka bari kowa ya sha taba a cikin gida, a cikin mota, ko kuma a kusa da ɗanka. Yaran da ke fama da matsalar numfashi na iya buƙatar zama a asibiti. A can, magani na iya haɗawa da maganin oxygen da ruwan da ake bayarwa ta jijiya (IV).

Numfashi yakan zama mafi kyau a rana ta uku kuma alamomin galibi sun bayyana a cikin mako guda. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, cututtukan huhu ko matsalolin numfashi mai tsanani.

Wasu yara na iya samun matsala ta shaka iska ko asma yayin da suka tsufa.

Kira mai ba da sabis kai tsaye ko je wurin gaggawa idan ɗanka:

• Ya zama mai gajiya sosai
• Yana da launi mai laushi a cikin fata, kusoshi, ko leɓɓa
• Fara numfashi da sauri
• Yana da ciwon sanyi wanda ba zato ba tsammani ya yi tauri
• Yana da matsalar numfashi
• Yana da fushin hanciya ko jujjuyawar kirji yayin kokarin numfashi

Yawancin lokuta na cututtukan bronchiolitis ba za a iya hana su ba saboda ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da cutar sun zama gama gari a cikin mahalli. Hannun hannu a hankali, musamman a kusa da jarirai, na iya taimakawa yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Maganin da ake kira palivizumab (Synagis) wanda ke inganta garkuwar jiki na iya bada shawarar wasu yara. Likitan ɗanka zai sanar da kai idan wannan maganin ya dace da ɗanka.

Kwayar syncytial virus - bronchiolitis; Mura - bronchiolitis; Wheezing - mashako

• Bronchiolitis - fitarwa
• Yadda ake numfashi lokacin da kake karancin numfashi
• Oxygen lafiya
• Maganganun bayan gida
• Yin amfani da oxygen a gida
• Yin amfani da oxygen a gida - abin da za a tambayi likitan ku

• Bronchiolitis
• Huhu na al'ada da alveoli

Gidan SA, Ralston SL. Wheezing, mashako, da kuma mashako. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 418.

Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS; Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yammacin Amurka, et al. Jagoran aikin likita: ganewar asali, gudanarwa, da rigakafin cutar mashako. Ilimin likitan yara. 2014; 134 (5): e1474-e1502. PMID: 25349312 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25349312.

Walsh EE, Englund JA. Ƙwayar cutar da ke kama huhu. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 158.