Presbyopia

Presbyopia wani yanayi ne wanda ruwan tabarau na ido ya rasa ikon mayar da hankali. Wannan yana sanya wahalar ganin abubuwa kusa.

Gilashin ido yana buƙatar canza fasali don mai da hankali kan abubuwan da suke kusa. Abilityarfin ruwan tabarau don canza fasali saboda kwalliyar ruwan tabarau. Wannan laushin yana raguwa a hankali yayin da mutane suka tsufa. Sakamakon shi ne rashin jinkiri cikin ikon ido don mayar da hankali kan abubuwa kusa.

Mutane galibi suna fara lura da yanayin ne a kusan shekaru 45, lokacin da suka fahimci cewa suna buƙatar riƙe kayan karatu nesa da su domin mayar da hankali akan su. Presbyopia wani bangare ne na tsarin tsufa kuma ya shafi kowa.

Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• Rage ƙarfin mayar da hankali ga abubuwan kusa
• Idon idanun
• Ciwon kai

Mai ba da kula da lafiyar zai yi gwajin ido gaba daya. Wannan zai haɗa da ma'auni don ƙayyade takardar sayan magani don tabarau ko ruwan tabarau na tuntuɓi.

Gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Nazarin kwayar ido
• Gwajin mutuncin tsoka
• Refraction gwajin
• Tsaga-fitilar gwajin
• Kaifin gani

Babu magani ga presbyopia. A farkon presbyopia, zaku iya ganin cewa ajiye kayan karatu nesa ko yin amfani da babban rubutu ko ƙarin haske don karatu na iya isa. Yayin da presbyopia ke taɓarɓarewa, za ku buƙaci tabarau ko ruwan tabarau don karantawa. A wasu lokuta, ƙara bifocals zuwa takardar ruwan tabarau mai gudana ita ce mafita mafi kyau. Gilashin karatu ko rubutaccen umarnin bifocal zai buƙaci ƙarfafawa yayin da kuka tsufa kuma kuka rasa damar ƙwarewa kusa.

Da shekara 65, yawancin lalacewar ruwan tabarau sun ɓace don haka takardar gilashin karatu ba zata ci gaba da ƙaruwa ba.

Mutanen da ba sa buƙatar tabarau don hangen nesa suna iya buƙatar rabin tabarau ko gilashin karatu.

Mutanen da suke hangen nesa na iya iya cire gilashin nesa don karantawa.

Tare da amfani da ruwan tabarau na tuntuba, wasu mutane sun zaɓi gyara ido ɗaya don hangen nesa da ido ɗaya don hangen nesa. Wannan shi ake kira "monovision." Dabarar ta kawar da buƙatar bifocals ko gilashin karatu, amma yana iya shafar fahimta mai zurfi.

Wasu lokuta, ana iya samar da kalma ɗaya ta hanyar gyaran hangen nesa na laser. Hakanan akwai ruwan tabarau na tuntuɓi na bifocal wanda zai iya gyara duka kusa da nesa hangen nesa a idanun biyu.

Ana nazarin sababbin hanyoyin tiyata wanda kuma zai iya samar da mafita ga mutanen da ba sa son sanya tabarau ko lambobin sadarwa. Hanyoyi biyu masu alamar rahama sun haɗa da dasa tabarau ko matattarar huda ƙugu a cikin cornea. Wadannan galibi ana iya juya su, idan ya zama dole.

Akwai sababbin nau'ikan aji biyu na saukar da ido a ci gaba wanda zai iya taimakawa mutanen da ke da cutar.

• Nau'in nau'i yana sa ɗalibi ya zama ƙarami, wanda ya ƙara zurfin hankali, kama da kyamarar ƙira. Rushewar waɗannan digo shi ne cewa abubuwa sun ɗan ɗan yi sanyi. Hakanan, ɗigon yana lalacewa a tsawon rana, kuma ƙila kuna da wahalar ganin lokacin da kuka tashi daga haske mai haske zuwa duhu.
• Sauran nau'in digon yana aiki ta hanyar tausasa ruwan tabarau na yau da kullun, wanda ya zama mai sassauƙa a cikin presbyopia. Wannan yana bawa ruwan tabarau damar canza fasali kamar yadda ya yi lokacin da kake ƙuruciya. Ba a san tasirin dogon lokaci na waɗannan digo ba.

Mutanen da ke yin tiyatar ido za su iya zaɓar a sanya musu nau'in tabarau na musamman wanda zai ba su damar gani sosai daga nesa da kusa.

Ana iya gyara hangen nesa da tabarau ko ruwan tabarau na tuntuɓi.

Matsalar hangen nesa da ke taɓarɓare lokaci kuma ba a gyara shi na iya haifar da matsaloli game da tuki, salon rayuwa, ko aiki.

Kira mai ba ku ko likitan ido idan kuna da matsalar ido ko kuma kuna da matsala kan abubuwan kusa.

Babu wani tabbataccen rigakafin ga presbyopia.

• Presbyopia

Crouch ER, Crouch ER, Grant TR. Ilimin lafiyar ido. A cikin: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Littafin karatun Magungunan Iyali. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 17.

Donahue SP, Longmuir RA. Presbyopia da asarar masauki A cikin: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ilimin lafiyar ido. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi 9.21.

Fragoso VV, Alio JL. Gyaran tiyata na presbyopia. A cikin: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ilimin lafiyar ido. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 3.10.

Reilly CD, Waring GO. Yanke shawara a cikin aikin tiyata. A cikin: Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, eds. Cornea. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 161.