Cutar cututtukan zuciya

Cutar cututtukan ciki (CHD) matsala ce tare da tsari da aikin zuciya wanda ke kasancewa yayin haihuwa.

CHD na iya bayyana wasu matsaloli daban-daban da suka shafi zuciya. Wannan shine nau'in cutar haihuwa. CHD yana haifar da mace-mace a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa fiye da kowane lahani na haihuwa.

CHD ana rarraba shi gida biyu: cyanotic (launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi sanadiyyar rashin isashshen oxygen) da wanda ba cyanotic ba. Jerin masu zuwa suna rufe CHDs gama gari:

Cyanotic:

• Ebstein ba da daɗewa ba
• Hypoplastic hagu zuciya
• Ciwon ciki na huhu
• Tetralogy na Fallot
• Jimlar komowar cutar huhu na huhu
• Canza manyan jiragen ruwa
• Tricuspid atresia
• Truncus arteriosus

Ba-cyanotic:

• Ciwon Aortic
• Bicuspid aortic bawul
• Atrial septal aibin (ASD)
• Canal na Atrioventricular (nakasar matashi na endocardial)
• Coarctation na aorta
• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
• Ciwon huhu na huhu
• Defectananan raunin ɓarna (VSD)

Wadannan matsalolin na iya faruwa kai tsaye ko tare. Yawancin yara masu cutar CHD ba su da wasu nau'in lahani na haihuwa. Koyaya, lahani na zuciya na iya zama ɓangare na cututtukan kwayoyin halitta da na chromosomal. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan cututtukan na iya wucewa ta cikin dangi.

Misalan sun hada da:

• Ciwan DiGeorge
• Rashin ciwo
• Ciwon Marfan
• Ciwon Noonan
• Ciwon Edwards
• Trisomy 13
• Ciwon Turner

Sau da yawa, ba a iya samun dalilin cutar zuciya. CHDs na ci gaba da bincike da bincike. Magunguna kamar retinoic acid don ƙuraje, sunadarai, barasa, da cututtuka (kamar su rubella) yayin ɗaukar ciki na iya taimakawa ga wasu matsalolin zuciya na haihuwa.

Hakanan an alakanta yawan sikari da ke cikin jini ga matan da ke fama da ciwon sikari a lokacin da suke da juna biyu da babban lahani na cututtukan zuciya na haihuwa.

Kwayar cutar ta dogara da yanayin. Kodayake CHD yana kasancewa lokacin haihuwa, alamun ba za su iya bayyana nan da nan ba.

Laifi irin su coarctation na aorta bazai haifar da matsala na shekaru ba. Sauran matsaloli, kamar ƙaramin VSD, ASD, ko PDA na iya taɓa haifar da wata matsala.

Ana samun yawancin lalatattun cututtukan zuciya yayin duban ciki. Lokacin da aka sami lahani, likitan zuciya na likitan yara, likita mai fiɗa, da sauran ƙwararru na iya kasancewa lokacin da aka haihu. Samun kulawa da likita a lokacin haihuwa zai iya nuna bambanci tsakanin rayuwa da mutuwa ga wasu jarirai.

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ake yi akan jariri ya dogara da lahani da alamun cutar.

Wace magani ake amfani da shi, da kuma yadda jaririn ya amsa shi, ya dogara da yanayin. Yawancin lahani suna buƙatar bi a hankali. Wasu za su warke a kan lokaci, yayin da wasu za su buƙaci a bi da su.

Wasu CHDs ana iya magance su da magani shi kaɗai. Sauran suna buƙatar a bi da su ta hanyar ɗaya ko fiye da na zuciya ko tiyata.

Mata masu ciki ya kamata su sami kulawa mai kyau kafin lokacin haihuwa:

• Guji shaye-shaye da ƙwayoyi marasa amfani a lokacin daukar ciki.
• Faɗa wa mai kula da lafiyarku cewa kuna da ciki kafin shan kowane sabbin magunguna.
• Yi gwajin jini tun farkon ciki don ganin ko ba ku da rigakafin cutar sankarau. Idan baku rigakafi ba, ku guji kowane irin yanayi ga cutar sankarau da kuma yin rigakafin kai tsaye bayan haihuwa.
• Mata masu ciki da ke da ciwon sukari ya kamata su yi ƙoƙari su sami kyakkyawan iko kan matakin sukarin jininsu.

Wasu kwayoyin halitta na iya taka rawa a cikin CHD. Zai iya shafar yawancin 'yan uwa. Yi magana da mai baka game da nasiha game da kwayoyin halitta da kuma nunawa idan kana da tarihin iyali na CHD.

• Zuciya - sashi ta tsakiya
• Zuciya - gaban gani
• Duban dan tayi, tayi na al'ada - bugun zuciya
• Duban dan tayi, nakasar sashin hanji - bugun zuciya
• Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) - jerin

Fraser CD, Kane LC. Cutar cututtukan zuciya. A cikin: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Littafin Sabiston na Tiyata: Tushen Halittu na Ayyukan Tiyata na Zamani. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 58.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Cutar cututtukan ciki a cikin baligi da haƙuri na yara. A cikin: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald na Ciwon Zuciya: Littafin rubutu na Magungunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 75.