Polio

Polio cuta ce da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke iya shafar jijiyoyi kuma zai iya haifar da juzu'i ko cikakken inna. Sunan likita na cutar shan inna shine cutar shan inna.

Cutar shan inna cuta ce ta kamuwa da cutar polio. Cutar ta bazu ta:

• Kai tsaye mu'amala tsakanin mutum da mutum
• Saduwa da lahanin da ya kamu da cuta ko kuma maniyyi daga hanci ko baki
• Saduwa da najasar dake dauke da cutar

Kwayar cutar ta shiga ta baki da hanci, ta ninka a cikin makogwaro da hanjin hanji, sannan kuma ta kamu kuma ta yadu ta hanyar jini da tsarin lymph. Lokaci daga kamuwa da kwayar cutar zuwa alamun bayyanar cutar (shiryawa) ya fara ne daga kwanaki 5 zuwa 35 (matsakaita kwanaki 7 zuwa 14). Yawancin mutane ba su ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka.

Hanyoyin haɗari sun haɗa da:

• Rashin allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna
• Tafiya zuwa yankin da aka sami bullar cutar shan inna

Sakamakon kamfen din allurar riga-kafi na duniya cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata, galibi an kawar da cutar shan inna. Har yanzu cutar ta wanzu a wasu ƙasashe a Afirka da Asiya, tare da ɓarkewar cutar da ke faruwa a rukunin mutanen da ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi ba. Don sabon jerin waɗannan ƙasashe, ziyarci gidan yanar gizon: www.polioeradication.org.

Akwai hanyoyi guda hudu na kamuwa da cutar shan inna: cututtukan da ba a bayyana ba, cututtukan ciki, rashin kulawa, da inna.

BABU CUTAR CUTAR

Mafi yawan mutanen da suka kamu da cutar shan inna suna da cututtukan da ba a bayyana ba. Galibi ba su da alamomi. Hanya guda daya da za'a san ko wani yana da cutar shine ta hanyar yin gwajin jini ko wasu gwaje-gwajen don gano kwayar cutar a cikin mara ko makogwaro.

CUTAR CIKI

Mutanen da ke da cutar zubar da ciki suna haifar da alamomi kimanin makonni 1 zuwa 2 bayan sun kamu da kwayar. Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Zazzabi na kwana 2 zuwa 3
• Babban rashin jin daɗi ko rashin jin daɗi (rashin lafiyar jiki)
• Ciwon kai
• Ciwon wuya
• Amai
• Rashin ci
• Ciwon ciki

Wadannan cututtukan suna dauke har tsawon kwanaki 5 kuma mutane sun warke sarai. Ba su da alamun matsalolin tsarin damuwa.

CUTAR POLIO BAYA

Mutanen da suka ci gaba da wannan nau'i na cutar shan inna suna da alamun cutar shan inna kuma alamun su sun fi tsanani. Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Musclesunƙun wuya da tsokoki a bayan wuya, akwati, hannaye, da ƙafafu
• Matsalar fitsari da maƙarƙashiya
• Canje-canje game da saurin jijiyoyi (reflexes) yayin da cutar ta ci gaba

POLIOTI POLIO

Wannan nau'i na cutar shan inna yana tasowa a cikin ƙaramin kaso na mutanen da suka kamu da kwayar cutar shan inna. Kwayar cutar ta hada da na cutar shan inna da ke zubar da ciki. Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Raunin tsoka, inna, asarar tsoka
• Numfashi mai rauni
• Matsalar haɗiyewa
• Rushewa
• Arsaramar murya
• Tsananin ciki da matsalolin fitsari

Yayin gwajin jiki, mai ba da kiwon lafiya na iya samun:

• Abubuwa mara kyau
• Starfin baya
• Matsalar daga kai ko kafafuwa yayin kwanciya kwance a baya
• Wuya wuya
• Matsalar lankwasa wuya

Gwajin da za a iya yi sun hada da:

• Al'adar wankin makogoro, kujeru, ko ruwan kashin baya
• Taɓaɓɓen kashin baya da kuma binciken kwayar halittar kashin baya (binciken CSF) ta amfani da maganin polymerase sarkar (PCR)
• Gwaji don matakan rigakafin cutar shan inna

Manufar magani ita ce a kula da alamomin yayin kamuwa da cutar. Babu takamaiman magani don wannan kwayar cutar ta kwayar cuta.

Mutanen da ke cikin mummunan yanayi na iya buƙatar matakan ceton rai, kamar taimako da numfashi.

Ana magance cututtukan ne gwargwadon yadda suke. Jiyya na iya haɗawa da:

• Maganin rigakafi don cututtukan fitsari
• Danshi mai zafi (pad na dumama, tawul masu dumi) don rage zafin jiji da zafin jiki
• Magungunan rage zafin ciwo don rage ciwon kai, ciwon tsoka, da kuma ɓarna (ba a ba da narcotics saboda suna ƙara haɗarin matsalar numfashi)
• Jinyar jiki, takalmin gyaran kafa ko takalmin gyara, ko tiyatar kashi don taimakawa mai da ƙarfin tsoka da aiki

Hasashe ya dogara da nau'in cutar da yankin da abin ya shafa. Yawancin lokaci, cikakkiyar dawowa mai yiwuwa ne idan ƙwayoyin kashin baya da kwakwalwa ba su da hannu.

Inwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ko kashin baya wani gaggawa ne na likita wanda zai iya haifar da inna ko mutuwa (yawanci daga matsalolin numfashi).

Rashin lafiya ya fi kowa mutuwa. Kamuwa da cuta wacce ke sama a cikin laka ko cikin ƙwaƙwalwar tana ƙara haɗarin matsalar numfashi.

Matsalar kiwon lafiya da ka iya haifar da cutar shan inna sun haɗa da:

• Fata ciwon huhu
• Cor pulmonale (wani nau'i ne na gazawar zuciya da aka samu a gefen dama na tsarin zagayawa)
• Rashin motsi
• Matsalar huhu
• Myocarditis (kumburin ƙwayar tsoka)
• Paralytic ileus (asarar aikin hanji)
• Shan inna na dindindin, nakasa, nakasawa
• Ciwon ciki na huhu (haɓakar ruwa a cikin huhu)
• Shock
• Cututtukan fitsari

Ciwon rigakafin cutar shan inna matsala ce da ke tasowa ga wasu mutane, yawanci shekaru 30 ko sama da haka bayan sun kamu da cutar. Tsokar da ta riga ta yi rauni na iya yin rauni. Akarfafawa na iya haɓaka a cikin tsokoki waɗanda ba a taɓa cutar da su ba.

Kira mai ba da sabis idan:

• Wani na kusa da kai ya kamu da cutar shan inna kuma ba a yi maka rigakafi ba.
• Kuna ci gaba da alamun cutar shan inna.
• Alurar rigakafin cutar shan inna ta yara (allurar rigakafi) ba ta zamani ba.

Allurar rigakafin cutar shan inna (allurar rigakafin) ta yadda ya hana cutar shan inna a yawancin mutane (rigakafin ya fi kashi 90%)

Cutar shan inna; Gurguwar haihuwa; Ciwon shan inna bayan

• Cutar shan-inna

Jorgensen S, Arnold WD. Mutuwar ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin: Cifu DX, ed. Braddom ta Magungunan Jiki da Gyarawa. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 40.

Romero JR. Cutar shan inna A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 171.

Simões EAF. Cutar shan inna. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 276.