Bayanin kwakwalwa

Faɗakarwar ƙwaƙwalwa ita ce sauyawar ƙwanƙolin ƙwaƙwalwa daga wani sarari a cikin kwakwalwa zuwa wani ta hanyar ninki daban-daban da buɗewa.

Bayanin kwakwalwa yana faruwa yayin da wani abu a cikin kwanyar ya haifar da matsin lamba wanda ke motsa ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa. Wannan galibi shine sakamakon kumburin kwakwalwa ko zubar jini daga rauni na kai, bugun jini, ko ƙari na ƙwaƙwalwa.

Faɗakarwar ƙwaƙwalwa na iya zama tasirin sakamako na ciwace-ciwace a cikin kwakwalwa, gami da:

• Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta
• Cutar ƙwaƙwalwar farko

Hakanan za'a iya haifar da herniation na kwakwalwa ta wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da matsin lamba cikin kwanyar, gami da:

• Tarin tarin fuka da sauran kayan cikin kwakwalwa, yawanci daga kwayar cuta ta kwayan cuta ko fungal (ƙurji)
• Zub da jini a cikin kwakwalwa (zubar jini)
• Ruwan ruwa a cikin kokon kai wanda ke haifar da kumburin kwakwalwa (hydrocephalus)
• Shanyewar jiki wanda ke haifar da kumburin kwakwalwa
• Kumburi bayan maganin fuka-fuka
• Laifi a tsarin kwakwalwa, kamar yanayin da ake kira rashin nakasa ta Arnold-Chiari

Herwarewar ƙwaƙwalwa na iya faruwa:

• Daga gefe zuwa gefe ko ƙasa, ƙarƙashin, ko ƙetare membrane mai tauri kamar tentorium ko falx
• Ta hanyar bude kasusuwan halitta a gindin kwanyar da ake kira foramen magnum
• Ta hanyar budewar da aka kirkira yayin aikin tiyatar kwakwalwa

Alamomi da cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Hawan jini
• Ba daidai ba ne ko jinkirin bugun jini
• Tsananin ciwon kai
• Rashin ƙarfi
• Kama Cardiac (ba buguwa ba)
• Rashin sani, suma
• Rashin dukkanin kwakwalwar kwakwalwar kwakwalwa (ƙyalƙyali, gagging, da ɗalibai masu amsawa ga haske)
• Kama numfashi (babu numfashi)
• Ananan yara masu faɗi kuma babu motsi a ido ɗaya ko duka biyun

Binciken kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi yana nuna canje-canje a faɗakarwa. Dogaro da tsananin larurarta da kuma ɓangaren ƙwaƙwalwar da ake matsa mata, za a sami matsaloli game da tunani ɗaya ko fiye da suka shafi ƙwaƙwalwa da ayyukan jijiyoyi.

Gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• X-ray na kwanyar da wuyansa
• CT scan na kai
• Binciken MRI na kai
• Gwajin jini idan ana tsammanin ɓarna ko rashin jini

Hannun kwakwalwa shine gaggawa na likita. Manufar magani ita ce ceton ran mutum.

Don taimakawa baya ko hana yaduwar ƙwaƙwalwar, ƙungiyar likitocin zasu magance ƙarin kumburi da matsin lamba a cikin kwakwalwa. Jiyya na iya ƙunsar:

• Sanya magudanar ruwa zuwa kwakwalwa don taimakawa cire ruwa mai ruɓowa (CSF)
• Magunguna don rage kumburi, musamman idan akwai ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa
• Magungunan da ke rage kumburin kwakwalwa, kamar su mannitol, saline, ko wasu masu cutar diure
• Sanya bututu a cikin hanyar jirgin sama (intubation na endotracheal) da haɓaka numfashi don rage matakan carbon dioxide (CO₂) a cikin jini
• Cire jini ko daskararren jini idan suna tayar da matsi a cikin kwanyar da haifar da sanyin jiki
• Cire wani ɓangare na kokon kai don ba wa kwakwalwa ƙarin ɗaki

Mutanen da ke da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya suna da mummunan rauni a ƙwaƙwalwa. Wataƙila suna da ƙarancin damar murmurewa saboda raunin da ya haifar da lalata ta. Lokacin da lalata ta faru, hakan yana ƙara rage damar dawowa.

Hangen nesa ya bambanta, gwargwadon inda ƙwaƙwalwar ke faruwa. Ba tare da magani ba, mai yiwuwa mutuwa.

Zai iya zama lahani ga sassan kwakwalwa da ke kula da numfashi da kuma gudanawar jini. Wannan na iya haifar da saurin mutuwa ko ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Mutuwar kwakwalwa
• Dindindin da mahimmancin matsalolin neurologic

Kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa na cikin gida ko kai mutum asibitin gaggawa idan sun sami raguwar faɗakarwa ko wasu alamomi, musamman ma idan an sami rauni a kai ko kuma idan mutumin yana da ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa ko matsalar jijiyoyin jini.

Gaggawar jiyya game da ƙarin matsin cikin intracranial da rikice-rikice masu alaƙa na iya rage haɗarin lalatawar kwakwalwa.

Ciwon Herniation; Tsarin kwanciyar hankali; Caladdamar da layi; Subfalcine herniation; Tonsillar herniation; Herniation - kwakwalwa

• Raunin kwakwalwa - fitarwa

• Brain
• Brain hernia

Beaumont A. Physiology na ruɓaɓɓen ciki da matsin intracranial. A cikin: Winn HR, ed. Youmans da Winn Yin aikin tiyata. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 52.

Papa L, Goldberg SA. Ciwon kai. A cikin: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Rosen: Ka'idoji da Aikin Gwajin Asibiti. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 34.

Stippler M. Craniocerebral rauni. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 62.