Ciwon rashin lafiyar numfashi na jarirai

Ciwon mara na rashin ƙarfi na numfashi (RDS) matsala ce da ake gani koyaushe ga jarirai da ba su kai haihuwa ba. Yanayin ya sa ya zama da wuya jariri ya numfasa.

Neonatal RDS yana faruwa ne a cikin jarirai waɗanda huhunsu bai riga ya ci gaba ba.

Cutar galibi ana haifar da ita ne saboda rashin wani abu mai santsi a cikin huhu da ake kira surfactant. Wannan sinadarin yana taimaka wa huhu ya cika da iska kuma ya hana jakar iskar ta juya. Surfactant yana nan lokacin da huhu ya inganta sosai.

Neonatal RDS na iya kasancewa saboda matsalolin kwayar halitta tare da ci gaban huhu.

Yawancin lokuta na RDS suna faruwa ne a cikin jariran da aka haifa kafin makonni 37 zuwa 39. Thearancin haihuwa jariri, shine mafi girman damar RDS bayan haihuwa. Matsalar baƙon abu ba ce a cikin jariran da aka haife su cikakke (bayan makonni 39).

Sauran abubuwan da zasu iya ƙara haɗarin RDS sun haɗa da:

• Wani ɗan'uwa ko 'yar'uwa da suke da RDS
• Ciwon sukari a cikin uwa
• Haihuwar tiyata ko shigar da ciki kafin jariri ya cika
• Matsaloli game da haihuwa wanda ke rage gudan jini ga jariri
• Yawancin ciki (tagwaye ko fiye)
• Aiki mai sauri

Mafi yawan lokuta, alamomi na bayyana tsakanin mintuna kaɗan na haihuwa. Koyaya, baza'a iya ganin su ba har tsawon awanni. Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Launin Bluish na fata da lakar gamsai (cyanosis)
• Takaitaccen tsayawa a numfashi (apnea)
• Rage fitowar fitsari
• Hancin hanci
• Saurin numfashi
• Numfashi mara nauyi
• Ofarancin numfashi da ƙarar sauti yayin numfashi
• Motsi na numfashi mara kyau (kamar zana bayan tsokar kirji tare da numfashi)

Ana amfani da gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa don gano yanayin:

• Nazarin iskar gas - yana nuna karancin iskar oxygen da yawan ruwa a jiki.
• Kirjin x-ray - yana nuna "gilashin ƙasa" zuwa huhu wanda yake daidai ne da cutar. Wannan yakan bunkasa awa 6 zuwa 12 bayan haihuwa.
• Gwajin gwaje-gwaje - taimakawa don kawar da kamuwa da cuta a matsayin dalilin matsalar numfashi.

Yaran da suka isa haihuwa ko kuma suke da wasu yanayin da ke sanya su cikin haɗari ga matsalar suna buƙatar kula da lafiya a lokacin haihuwa daga ƙungiyar likitocin da ta ƙware kan matsalolin numfashi na jarirai.

Za a ba jarirai dumi, oxygen mai danshi. Koyaya, wannan magani yana buƙatar sa ido a hankali don kauce wa sakamako masu illa daga yawan oxygen.

Ba da ƙarin abu ga jariri mara lafiya an nuna yana da taimako. Koyaya, ana kawo jigilar kayan aikin kai tsaye cikin hanyar iska ta jariri, don haka akwai haɗarin haɗari. Arin bincike har yanzu ana buƙatar yin akan wane jarirai yakamata su sami wannan magani da kuma yawan amfani da su.

Taimakawa samun iska tare da iska (injin numfashi) na iya ceton wasu jarirai. Koyaya, amfani da inji na numfashi na iya lalata ƙwayar huhun, don haka ya kamata a guji wannan maganin idan zai yiwu. Yara na iya buƙatar wannan magani idan suna da:

• Babban matakin carbon dioxide a cikin jini
• Oxygenananan oxygen
• Bloodananan jinin pH (acidity)
• Maimaita tsayawa a cikin numfashi

Maganin da ake kira mai ɗorewa da iska mai ƙarfi (CPAP) na iya hana buƙata taimakon iska ko kuma iska a cikin jarirai da yawa. CPAP tana tura iska zuwa cikin hanci domin taimakawa buɗe hanyoyin iska. Ana iya bayar da shi ta hanyar iska (yayin da jaririn yake numfashi da kansa) ko tare da wani na'urar ta daban ta CPAP.

Yaran da ke da RDS suna buƙatar kulawa ta kusa. Wannan ya hada da:

• Samun kwanciyar hankali
• Hanyar sarrafawa
• Kasancewa a madaidaicin yanayin zafin jiki
• Kula da magudanar ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki
• Yin maganin cututtuka nan da nan

Yanayin yakan zama mummunan kwana 2 zuwa 4 bayan haihuwa kuma yana inganta a hankali bayan haka. Wasu jarirai masu fama da matsanancin ciwo na numfashi zasu mutu. Wannan galibi yana faruwa tsakanin ranakun 2 da 7.

Matsaloli na dogon lokaci na iya haɓaka saboda:

• Yawan oxygen.
• Babban matsa lamba da aka kai wa huhu.
• Cutar mai tsanani ko rashin haihuwa. RDS na iya haɗuwa da kumburi wanda ke haifar da huhu ko lalacewar kwakwalwa.
• Lokaci lokacin da kwakwalwa ko wasu gabobin basa samun isashshen oxygen.

Iska ko gas na iya haɗuwa a cikin:

• Sararin da ke kewaye da huhu (pneumothorax)
• Sararin da ke cikin kirji tsakanin huhu biyu (pneumomediastinum)
• Yankin tsakanin zuciya da siririn jakar da ke kewaye da zuciya (pneumopericardium)

Sauran yanayi masu alaƙa da RDS ko matsanancin tsufa na iya haɗawa da:

• Zuban jini cikin kwakwalwa (zubar jini ta jini na jariri)
• Zub da jini a cikin huhu (zubar jini na huhu, wani lokacin ana haɗuwa da amfani da iska)
• Matsaloli tare da ci gaban huhu da girma (bronchopulmonary dysplasia)
• Cigaba da jinkiri ko nakasa ilimi wanda ke da nasaba da lalacewar kwakwalwa ko zubar jini
• Matsaloli tare da ci gaban ido (retinopathy na prematurity) da makanta

Mafi yawan lokuta, wannan matsalar tana tasowa ne jim kaɗan bayan haihuwa yayin da jaririn ke asibiti. Idan kun haihu a gida ko a waje da cibiyar lafiya, ku nemi taimakon gaggawa idan jaririnku yana da matsalar numfashi.

Stepsaukar matakai don hana haihuwa da wuri zai iya taimakawa hana RDS na sababbin haihuwa. Kulawa mai kyau da kulawa akai-akai fara da zaran mace ta gano tana da ciki na iya taimakawa kaucewa haihuwa da wuri.

Hakanan za'a iya rage haɗarin RDS ta dacewar lokacin isarwa. Ana iya samun isarwar da aka jawo ko jijiyar wuya. Ana iya yin gwajin gwaji kafin a kawo shi don a duba shirye-shiryen huhun jariri. Sai dai in da larura, tilastawa ko haihuwa ta haihuwa ya kamata a jinkirta har zuwa aƙalla makonni 39 ko kuma har sai gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa huhun jaririn ya balaga.

Magungunan da ake kira corticosteroids na iya taimakawa saurin saurin huhu kafin a haifi jariri. Sau da yawa ana ba su mata masu ciki tsakanin makonni 24 zuwa 34 na ciki waɗanda suke da alama za su haihu a mako mai zuwa. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don sanin idan corticosteroids na iya amfani da jariran da ke ƙasa da shekaru 24 ko sama da makonni 34.

A wasu lokuta, yana iya yiwuwa a ba wasu magunguna don jinkirta aiki da haihuwa har sai maganin steroid yana da lokacin aiki. Wannan maganin na iya rage tsananin RDS. Hakanan yana iya taimakawa hana wasu rikice-rikice na rashin wuri. Koyaya, ba zai cire haɗarin gaba ɗaya ba.

Hyaline cututtukan membrane (HMD); Ciwon rashin lafiyar yara; Ciwon wahala na numfashi a cikin jarirai; RDS - jarirai

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