Ciwon fata na Meconium

Ciwon fata na Meconium (MAS) yana nufin matsalolin numfashi da jariri zai iya samu lokacin da:

• Babu wasu dalilai, kuma
• Jaririn ya wuce meconium (stool) cikin ruwan amniotic yayin nakuda ko haihuwa

MAS na iya faruwa idan jariri ya shaka cikin (hucin) wannan ruwa zuwa huhun.

Meconium ita ce farkon shimfidar ɗa da sabon haihuwa ta haihu jim kaɗan bayan haihuwarsa, kafin jariri ya fara shayarwa da narkar da madara ko madara.

A wasu lokuta, jariri yakan wuce meconium yayin da yake cikin mahaifar. Wannan na iya faruwa yayin da yara ke cikin "damuwa" saboda raguwar jini da iskar oxygen. Wannan galibi hakan na faruwa ne saboda matsaloli na mahaifa ko cibiya.

Da zarar jariri ya ba da meconium a cikin ruwan amniotic da ke kewaye, za su iya shaka shi a cikin huhu. Wannan na iya faruwa:

• Yayinda jaririn yake cikin mahaifa
• Yayin bayarwa
• Nan da nan bayan haihuwa

Hakanan meconium na iya toshe hanyoyin iska na jariri bayan haihuwa. Yana iya haifar da matsalar numfashi saboda kumburi (kumburi) a cikin huhun jariri bayan haihuwa.

Abubuwan haɗari waɗanda zasu iya haifar da damuwa ga jariri kafin haihuwa sun haɗa da:

• "Tsufa" daga mahaifa idan ciki ya wuce kwanan watan da ya kamata
• Rage iskar oxygen ga jariri yayin cikin mahaifa
• Ciwon sukari a cikin uwa mai ciki
• Isar da wahala ko doguwar aiki
• Hawan jini a cikin uwar ciki

Yawancin jariran da suka ba da meconium a cikin ruwan amniotic ba sa shayarwa a cikin huhunsu yayin haihuwa da haihuwa. Suna da wuya su sami alamun bayyanar ko matsaloli.

Yaran da ke shaka a cikin wannan ruwa na iya samun abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Bullar fatar Bluish (cyanosis) a cikin jariri
• Yin aiki tuƙuru don numfasawa (numfashi mai tsawa, gurnani, amfani da ƙarin tsokoki don yin numfashi, numfashi da sauri)
• Babu numfashi (rashin ƙoƙarin numfashi, ko apnea)
• Rashin ƙarfi lokacin haihuwa

Kafin haihuwa, mai lura da tayi zai iya nuna bugun zuciya a hankali. Yayin haihuwa ko lokacin haihuwa, ana iya ganin meconium a cikin ruwan amniotic da kuma kan jariri.

Jariri na iya buƙatar taimako tare da numfashi ko bugun zuciya daidai bayan haihuwa. Suna iya samun ƙarancin maki Apgar.

Kungiyar kula da lafiya za su saurari kirjin jariri tare da stethoscope. Wannan na iya bayyanar da sautukan numfashi mara kyau, musamman muguwar sauti.

Binciken gas na jini zai nuna:

• (Ananan (acidic) jini pH
• Rage oxygen
• Carbonara yawan carbon dioxide

X-ray na kirji na iya nuna faci ko wurare masu rauni a huhun jariri.

Ya kamata ƙungiyar kulawa ta musamman ta kasance lokacin da aka haifi jaririn idan an sami alamun meconium a cikin ruwan amniotic. Wannan yana faruwa a fiye da 10% na al'ada na ciki. Idan jariri yana aiki kuma yana kuka, ba a bukatar magani.

Idan jariri ba ya aiki kuma yana kuka daidai bayan haihuwa, ƙungiyar za ta:

• Dumi da kuma kula da yawan zafin jiki na al'ada
• Dry da kuma ta da da jariri

Idan jariri baya numfashi ko kuma yana da karancin bugun zuciya:

• Theungiyar za ta taimaka wa jaririn yin numfashi ta amfani da abin rufe fuska a haɗe a cikin jaka wanda ke ba da haɗin oxygen don kumbura huhun jaririn.
• Ana iya sanya jaririn a cikin gandun daji na musamman ko kuma kulawar kula da jariri don a kula da shi sosai.

Sauran jiyya na iya haɗawa da:

• Maganin rigakafi don magance yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta.
• Na'urar numfashi (iska) idan jariri bai iya numfashi da kansa ba ko kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin adadin oxygen.
• Oxygen don kiyaye matakan jini na al'ada.
• Hanyar abinci mai gina jiki (IV) - abinci mai gina jiki ta cikin jijiyoyi - idan matsalolin numfashi suna hana jariri samun damar ciyarwa ta baki.
  
• Radiant dumi don kula da yawan zafin jiki na jiki.
• Mai aiki don taimakawa huhun musanya oxygen. Ana amfani da wannan kawai a cikin mafi tsananin yanayi.
• Nitric oxide (wanda ake kira NO, wani iska mai shaƙa) don taimakawa gudan jini da musayar iskar oxygen a cikin huhu. Ana amfani da wannan kawai a cikin yanayi mai tsanani.
• ECMO (oxygenation na membrane membrane) wani nau'in zuciya / huhu kewaya. Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.

A mafi yawan lokuta na ruwa mai ɗaci da meconium, hangen nesa yana da kyau kuma babu tasirin kiwon lafiya na dogon lokaci.

• Kusan rabin rabin jariran da ke da gurbataccen ruwa meconium za su sami matsalar numfashi kuma kusan 5% ne kawai ke da MAS.
• Yara na iya buƙatar ƙarin tallafi tare da numfashi da abinci mai gina jiki a wasu yanayi. Sau da yawa wannan buƙatar zata tafi cikin kwanaki 2 zuwa 4. Koyaya, saurin numfashi na iya ci gaba har tsawon kwanaki.
• MAS da wuya yakan haifar da lalacewar huhu na dindindin.

Ana iya ganin MAS tare da babbar matsala tare da gudanawar jini zuwa da daga huhu. Wannan ana kiran sa hauhawar jini na jinji na jariri (PPHN).

Don hana matsalolin da ke haifar da kasancewar meconium, kasance cikin koshin lafiya yayin daukar ciki kuma bi shawarar mai ba da lafiyar ku.

Mai ba ku sabis zai so ya kasance cikin shiri don kasancewar meconium lokacin haihuwa idan:

• Ruwan ku ya karye a gida kuma ruwan ya bayyana ko ya sami tabo da wani abu mai launin kore ko ruwan kasa.
• Duk wani gwajin da aka yi a lokacin da kuke ciki yana nuna akwai matsala a nan.
• Sa ido tayi tana nuna duk wani alamun damuwa da tayi.

MAS; Meconium pneumonitis (kumburi na huhu); Labour - meconium; Isarwa - meconium; Neonatal - meconium; Kulawar jariri - meconium

• Meconium

Ahlfeld SK. Cututtukan numfashi. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi 122.

Crowley MA. Rashin lafiyar numfashi na jarirai. A cikin: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Fanaroff da Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Cututtukan Fetus da Jariri. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 66.

Wyckoff MH, Aziz K, Escobedo MB, et al. Sashe na 13: Rayar da jariri: 2015 Associationungiyar Heartungiyar Zuciya ta Associationasar Amurka ta sabunta sabuntawar zuciya da kulawar zuciya da jijiyoyin cikin gaggawa. Kewaya. 2015; 132 (18 Sanya 2): S543-S560. PMID: 26473001 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26473001/.