Cikawa

Cikakke shine gwajin jini wanda yake auna aikin wasu sunadarai a cikin sashin ruwa na jininka.

Tsarin haɓaka shine rukuni na kusan sunadarai 60 waɗanda ke cikin jini ko kuma saman wasu ƙwayoyin. Sunadaran suna aiki tare da garkuwar jikinka kuma suna taka rawa don kare jiki daga kamuwa da cuta, da kuma cire matattun ƙwayoyin da kayan ƙetare. Ba da daɗewa ba, mutane na iya gaji rashi na wasu haɓakar sunadarai. Wadannan mutane suna da saukin kamuwa da wasu cututtuka ko kuma cutar ta jiki.

Akwai manyan manyan sunadarai guda tara. Ana yi musu alama C1 ta hanyar C9. Wannan labarin ya bayyana gwajin da ke auna jimlar cikakken aiki.

Ana bukatar samfurin jini. Wannan galibi ana ɗauka ta jijiya. Ana kiran hanyar da ake kira venipuncture.

Babu wani shiri na musamman.

Lokacin da aka saka allurar don jan jini, wasu mutane suna jin ɗan ciwo kaɗan. Wasu kuma suna jin ƙyalli ko harbi kawai. Bayan haka, ana iya samun wasu buguwa.

Activityarin ayyukan haɓaka (CH50, CH100) ya kalli aikin gaba ɗaya na tsarin haɓaka. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana yin wasu gwaje-gwajen da suka fi dacewa da cutar da ake zargi da farko. C3 da C4 sune kayan haɗin haɗin da ake aunawa mafi yawan lokuta.

Za'a iya amfani da gwajin gwaji don saka idanu kan mutane da ke fama da cutar autoimmune. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don ganin idan maganin halin su yana aiki. Misali, mutanen da ke fama da cutar lupus erythematosus na iya samun matakan ƙasa da-na al'ada na haɓakar sunadarai C3 da C4.

Activityarin aiki ya bambanta ko'ina cikin jiki. Misali, a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan zuciya na rheumatoid, ƙarin aiki a cikin jini na iya zama na al'ada ko na sama da na al'ada, amma mafi-ƙasa-da-al'ada cikin ruwan haɗin gwiwa.

Mutanen da ke da wasu cututtukan jini na ƙwayoyin cuta da damuwa sau da yawa suna da ƙananan C3 da abubuwan haɗin abin da aka sani da hanyar madadin. C3 kuma sau da yawa yana cikin ƙananan cututtukan fungal da wasu cututtukan parasitic kamar malaria.

Sakamakon al'ada na wannan gwajin sune:

• Matsakaicin matakin kammala jini: 41 zuwa 90 masu saurin hemolytic
• Matsayin C1: 14.9 zuwa 22.1 mg / dL
• Matakan C3: 88 zuwa 201 mg / dL
• Matakan C4: 15 zuwa 45 mg / dL

Lura: mg / dL = milligrams a kowane deciliter.

Lura: Tsarin jeri na al'ada na iya bambanta kaɗan tsakanin ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban. Yi magana da mai baka kiwon lafiya game da ma'anar takamaiman sakamakon gwajin ka.

Misalan da ke sama suna nuna ma'aunai gama gari don sakamako ga waɗannan gwaje-gwajen. Wasu dakunan gwaje-gwaje suna amfani da ma'aunai daban-daban ko na iya gwada samfuran daban.

Ana iya ganin ƙarin haɓaka aiki a cikin:

• Ciwon daji
• Wasu cututtuka
• Ciwan ulcer

Ana iya ganin rage ayyukan haɓaka a cikin:

• Ciwan Cirrhosis
• Glomerulonephritis
• Angioedema na gado
• Ciwon hanta
• Jectionin yarda dashi
• Lupus nephritis
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• Tsarin lupus erythematosus
• Rashin ƙarancin rashi na gado

Hadarin da ke tattare da jan jini ba su da yawa, amma na iya haɗawa da:

• Zub da jini mai yawa
• Sumewa ko jin an sassauta kai
• Hematoma (jini yana taruwa a ƙarƙashin fata)
• Kamuwa (ƙananan haɗari kowane lokaci fata ta karye)

"Complement cascade" jerin maganganu ne wadanda ke gudana a cikin jini. Cascade tana kunna karin sunadarai. Sakamakon haka yanki ne na kai hari wanda ke haifar da ramuka a cikin membrane na kwayoyin cuta, yana kashe su.

Plementarin gwaji; Haɗa sunadarai

• Gwajin jini

Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. C. A cikin: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Gwajin Laboratory da hanyoyin bincike. Na 6 ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013: 266-432.

Masu taya VM. Haɓakawa da masu karɓa: sabbin fahimta game da cutar ɗan adam. Annu Rev Immunol. 2014; 3: 433-459. PMID: 24499275 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24499275.

Merle NS, Church SE, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Roumenina LT. Systemarin tsarin sashi na 1 - tsarin kwayoyin halitta na kunnawa da tsari. Immunol na gaba. 2015; 6: 262. PMID: 26082779 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26082779.

Merle NS, Noe R, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Roumenina LT. Systemarin tsarin sashi na II: rawar cikin rigakafi. Immunol na gaba. 2015; 6: 257. PMID: 26074922 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26074922.

Morgan BP, Harris CL. Plementari, manufa don magance cututtuka da cututtukan cututtuka. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2015; 14 (2): 857-877. PMID: 26493766 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26493766.