Mai tsananin ciwo na numfashi (SARS)

Ciwo mai tsananin ciwo na numfashi (SARS) wani nau'in ciwo ne na nimoniya mai tsanani. Kamuwa da cutar ta SARS yana haifar da matsanancin damuwa na numfashi (wahalar numfashi mai tsanani), kuma wani lokacin mutuwa.

Wannan labarin game da ɓarkewar SARS ne wanda ya faru a 2003.Don bayani game da ɓarkewar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta 2019, da fatan za a duba Cibiyar Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC).

SARS na faruwa ne sanadiyyar SARS da ke hade da kwayar cutar (SARS-CoV). Oneaya ne daga cikin kwayar kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta (kwaya daya da zata iya haifar da sanyi). Annobar SARS ta fara ne a 2003 lokacin da kwayar ta yadu daga kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa zuwa mutane a China. Wannan ɓarkewar cutar da sauri ya isa duniya, amma yana cikin 2003. Ba a sami rahoton sabon kamuwa da cutar ta SARS ba tun 2004.

Yayin da wani mai cutar SARS ya yi tari ko atishawa, digon da ke dauke da cutar ya fantsama cikin iska. Kuna iya kamuwa da kwayar cutar SARS idan kuna numfashi ko kuma taɓa waɗannan ƙwayoyin. Kwayar ta SARS na iya rayuwa a hannu, kyallen takarda, da sauran wurare na tsawon awanni da yawa a cikin wadannan digo. Kwayar cutar na iya rayuwa tsawon watanni ko shekaru lokacin da zafin jiki ya kasa daskarewa.

Yayin da yaduwar kwayayen ta hanyar mu'amala ta kut da kut ta haifar da mafi yawan al'amuran SARS na farko, SARS na iya yaduwa ta hannu da sauran abubuwan da kwayayen suka taba. Isar da jirgin sama haƙiƙa ne a wasu lokuta. Har ma an gano kwayar cutar mai rai kai tsaye a cikin tabon mutanen da ke dauke da cutar ta SARS, inda aka nuna ya rayu har tsawon kwanaki 4.

Tare da sauran cututtukan coronaviruses, kamuwa da cuta sannan kuma sake yin rashin lafiya (sake kamuwa) abu ne gama gari. Hakanan wannan na iya zama batun SARS.

Kwayar cutar galibi tana faruwa ne kusan kwanaki 2 zuwa 10 bayan sun haɗu da ƙwayar cutar. A wasu lokuta, SARS sun fara jima ko kuma bayan sun gama tuntuɓar su. Mutanen da ke da alamun rashin lafiya na yaduwa. Amma ba a san tsawon lokacin da mutum zai iya kamuwa ba bayan bayyanar cututtuka.

Babban alamun sune:

• Tari
• Rashin numfashi
• Zazzabi na 100.4 ° F (38.0 ° C) ko mafi girma
• Sauran cututtukan numfashi

Mafi yawan bayyanar cututtuka sune:

• Jin sanyi da girgiza
• Tari, yawanci yana farawa kwana 2 zuwa 7 bayan wasu alamun
• Ciwon kai
• Ciwon tsoka
• Gajiya

Ananan alamun bayyanar sun haɗa da:

• Tari wanda ke samar da maniyyi (sputum)
• Gudawa
• Dizziness
• Tashin zuciya da amai

A wasu mutane, alamun huhu suna ƙara muni yayin makon na biyu na rashin lafiya, koda bayan zazzabin ya tsaya.

Mai kula da lafiyarku na iya jin sautunan huhu mara kyau yayin sauraren kirjinku tare da stethoscope. A galibin mutanen da ke dauke da cutar ta SARS, x-ray ko kirjin CT na nuna ciwon huhu, wanda yake daidai da SARS.

Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don tantance SARS na iya haɗawa da:

• Gwajin jini na jijiyoyin jini
• Gwajin jini
• Gwajin sunadarai na jini
• Kirjin x-ray ko kirjin CT
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)

Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani dasu don saurin gano kwayar cutar da ke haifar da SARS sun hada da:

• Gwajin antibody na SARS
• Kai tsaye kebewa da kwayar cutar SARS
• Gaggawa polymerase sarkar dauki (PCR) don cutar SARS

Duk gwaje-gwaje na yanzu suna da iyakancewa. Wataƙila ba za su iya gano sauƙin yanayin SARS ba a cikin makon farko na rashin lafiyar, lokacin da yake da mahimmanci a gano shi.

Mutanen da ake tsammanin suna da SARS ya kamata mai bayarwa ya bincika su yanzun nan. Idan ana zargin suna da cutar ta SARS, ya kamata a kebe su a asibiti.

Jiyya na iya haɗawa da:

• Magungunan rigakafi don magance ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da ciwon huhu (har sai an daina kamuwa da cutar huhu ko kuma idan akwai ciwon huhu na kwayar cutar ban da SARS)
• Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta (duk da cewa ba a san yadda suke aiki da SARS ba)
• Babban allurai na steroid don rage kumburi a cikin huhu (ba a san yadda suke aiki ba)
• Oxygen, taimakon numfashi (samun iska na inji), ko maganin kirji

A wasu mawuyacin yanayi, ana ba da jinni na jini daga mutanen da suka rigaya ya warke daga SARS a matsayin magani.

Babu wata shaida mai ƙarfi cewa waɗannan jiyya suna aiki da kyau. Akwai shaidun cewa maganin rigakafin, ribavirin, ba ya aiki.

A cikin barkewar 2003, yawan mutuwar daga SARS ya kasance 9% zuwa 12% na waɗanda aka gano. A cikin mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 65, ƙimar mutuwa ta fi 50%. Rashin lafiya ya fi sauƙi ga matasa.

A cikin tsofaffi, mutane da yawa sun kamu da rashin lafiya har suna buƙatar taimakon numfashi. Kuma har ila yau mutane da yawa sun je asibitocin kula da asibiti.

Manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun yi tasiri wajen shawo kan cutar. Yawancin al'ummomi sun dakatar da annobar a cikin ƙasashensu. Wajibi ne dukkan ƙasashe su ci gaba da yin taka tsan-tsan don kiyaye wannan cuta. Kwayoyin cuta a cikin dangin coronavirus an san su da ikon canzawa (mutate) don yaɗuwa tsakanin mutane.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Rashin numfashi
• Rashin hanta
• Ajiyar zuciya
• Matsalar koda

Kirawo kamfanin da ke samar maka idan kai ko wani wanda ka yi kusanci da shi yana da SARS.

A halin yanzu, babu sanannen watsa SARS a ko'ina cikin duniya. Idan barkewar cutar ta SARS ta auku, rage hulɗa da mutanen da ke da cutar ta SARS yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar. Guji tafiya zuwa wuraren da aka sami barkewar cutar SARS. Idan zai yiwu, kauce wa hulɗa kai tsaye da mutanen da ke ɗauke da cutar ta SARS har sai aƙalla kwanaki 10 bayan zazzabinsu da sauran alamomin sun tafi.

• Tsabtace hannu shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren rigakafin SARS. Wanke hannuwanku ko tsabtace su da mai tsabtace hannu na hanzari wanda ke ɗauke da barasa.
• Ka rufe bakinka da hanci yayin atishawa ko tari. Riga da ake fitarwa yayin da mutum yayi atishawa ko tari yana da cutar.
• KADA KA raba abinci, abin sha, ko kayan abinci.
• Tsaftace fuskokin da aka taɓa yawan su tare da cututtukan cututtukan EPA waɗanda aka yarda da su.

Masks da tabarau na iya zama da amfani don hana bazuwar cutar. Kuna iya amfani da safar hannu yayin sarrafa abubuwan da wataƙila sun taɓa ɗigon ƙwayar cuta.

SARS; Rashin numfashi - SARS; SARS coronavirus; SARS-CoV

• Huhu
• Tsarin numfashi

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Mai tsananin ciwo na numfashi (SARS). www.cdc.gov/sars/index.html. An sabunta Disamba 6, 2017. Iso ga Maris 16, 2020.

Gerber SI, Watson JT. Ƙyayoyin cutar coronavirus. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 342.

Perlman S, McIntosh K. Coronaviruses, gami da matsanancin ciwo na numfashi (SARS) da Gabashin Gabas ta Tsakiya (MERS). A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 155.